ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
ÄÅÐÆÀÂÍÈÉ ÑÒÀÍÄÀÐÒ ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ
ÃÐÓÍÒÈ
Òåðì³íè òà âèçíà÷åííÿ
Äåðæáóä Óêðà¿íè
Êè¿â 2001
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
ÏÅÐÅÄÌÎÂÀ
1 ÐÎÇÐÎÁËÅÍÈÉ
Íàóêîâî-äîñë³äíèì ³íñòèòóòîì áóä³âåëüíîãî âèðîáíèöòâà ̳íáóäàðõ³òåêòóðè Óêðà¿íè (ê.ò.í. Øàâðèí B.I., ê.ò.í. Ìîãèëüíèé B.C., ê.ò.í. Ëó÷êî À.Ä., í.ñ. Ñòàðîäóáöåâà Ë.Â.,
í.ñ. Í.Ñ. Êîíîïêî Í.Ï.).
ÂÍÅÑÅÍÈÉ
Óïðàâë³ííÿì íîðìàòèâ³â ³ ñòàíäàðò³â ̳íáóäàðõ³òåêòóðè Óêðà¿íè
2 ÇÀÒÂÅÐÄÆÅÍÈÉ
Íàêàçîì ̳í³ñòåðñòâà Óêðà¿íè ó ñïðàâàõ áóä³âíèöòâà òà àðõ³òåêòóðè â³ä 12.04.94 ¹ 83
3 ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÉ ÂÏÅÐØÅ
Ñòàíäàðò íå ìîæå áóòè ïîâí³ñòþ àáî ÷àñòêîâî â³äòâîðåíèé, òèðàæîâàíèé ³ ðîçïîâñþäæåíèé ÿê îô³ö³éíå âèäàííÿ áåç äîçâîëó Äåðæáóäó Óêðà¿íè
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
Ç̲ÑÒ
1 Ãàëóçü âèêîðèñòàííÿ ...................................................................... l
2 Îñíîâí³ ïîëîæåííÿ ........................................................................ l
3 Ãðóíòè ............................................................................................. 2
4 Ìåòîäè ëàáîðàòîðíîãî âèçíà÷åííÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ãðóíò³â ...... 9
5 Ìåòîäè ïîëüîâîãî âèçíà÷åííÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ãðóíò³â ............ 24
Àáåòêîâèé ïîêàæ÷èê óêðà¿íñüêèõ òåðì³í³â ................................. 30
Àáåòêîâèé ïîêàæ÷èê í³ìåöüêèõ òåðì³í³â .................................... 34
Àáåòêîâèé ïîêàæ÷èê àíãë³éñüêèõ òåðì³í³â .................................. 38
Àáåòêîâèé ïîêàæ÷èê ôðàíöóçüêèõ òåðì³í³â ................................ 42
Àáåòêîâèé ïîêàæ÷èê ðîñ³éñüêèõ òåðì³í³â .................................... 46
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
ÄÅÐÆÀÂÍÈÉ ÑÒÀÍÄÀÐÒ ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ
Ãðóíòè
Òåðì³íè òà âèçíà÷åííÿ
Ãðóíòû
Òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ
Boden
Terms and definitions
×èííèé â³ä 1994-10-01
1 ÃÀËÓÇÜ ÂÈÊÎÐÈÑÒÀÍÍß
1.1 Öåé ñòàíäàðò óñòàíîâëþº òåðì³íè òà âèçíà÷åííÿ îñíîâíèõ ïîíÿòü ó ãàëóç³ ãðóíò³â.
1.2 Òåðì³íè, ðåãëàìåíòîâàí³ â öüîìó ñòàíäàðò³, îáîâ'ÿçêîâ³ äëÿ âèêîðèñòàííÿ â óñ³õ âèäàõ íîðìàòèâíî¿ äîêóìåíòàö³¿, ó äîâ³äêîâ³é òà íàâ÷àëüíî-ìåòîäè÷í³é ë³òåðàòóð³, ùî íàëåæèòü äî ãàëóç³ áóä³âåëüíèõ ìàòåð³àë³â, à òàêîæ äëÿ ðîá³ò ³ç ñòàíäàðòèçàö³¿ àáî ïðè âèêîðèñòàíí³ ðåçóëüòàò³â öèõ ðîá³ò, âêëþ÷àþ÷è ïðîãðàìí³ çàñîáè äëÿ êîìï'þòåðíèõ ñèñòåì.
1.3 Âèìîãè ñòàíäàðòó ÷èíí³ äëÿ âèêîðèñòàííÿ â ðîáîò³ ï³äïðèºìñòâ, óñòàíîâ, îðãàí³çàö³é, ùî ä³þòü íà òåðèòî𳿠Óêðà¿íè, òåõí³÷íèõ êîì³òåò³â ³ç ñòàíäàðòèçàö³¿, íàóêîâî-òåõí³÷íèõ òà ³íæåíåðíèõ òîâàðèñòâ, ì³í³ñòåðñòâ, â³äîìñòâ.
2 ÎÑÍÎÂͲ ÏÎËÎÆÅÍÍß
2.1 Äëÿ êîæíîãî ïîíÿòòÿ âñòàíîâëåíèé îäèí ñòàíäàðòèçîâàíèé òåðì³í.
2.2 Ïîäàí³ âèçíà÷åííÿ ìîæíà â ðàç³ íåîáõ³äíîñò³ ðîçâèâàòè øëÿõîì ââåäåííÿ äî íèõ ïîõ³äíèõ îçíàê, ÿê³ äîïîâíþþòü çíà÷åííÿ òåðì³í³â, ùî âèêîðèñòîâóþòüñÿ. Äîïîâíåííÿ íå ìîæóòü ïîðóøóâàòè îáñÿã ³ çì³ñò ïîíÿòü, âèçíà÷åíèõ ó ñòàíäàðò³.
2.3 Ó ñòàíäàðò³, ÿê äîâ³äêîâ³, ïîäàí³ í³ìåöüê³ (de), àíãë³éñüê³ (en), ôðàíöóçüê³ (fr) òà ðîñ³éñüê³ (ru) â³äïîâ³äíèêè ñòàíäàðòèçîâàíèõ òåðì³í³â, à òàêîæ âèçíà÷åííÿ ðîñ³éñüêîþ ìîâîþ.
2.4 Ó ñòàíäàðò³ íàâåäåí³ àáåòêîâèé ïîêàæ÷èê òåðì³í³â óêðà¿íñüêîþ ìîâîþ òà àáåòêîâ³ ïîêàæ÷èêè ³íøîìîâíèõ â³äïîâ³äíèê³â ñòàíäàðòèçîâàíèõ òåðì³í³â êîæíîþ ìîâîþ îêðåìî.
Âèäàííÿ îô³ö³éíå
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
3 ÃÐÓÍÒÈ
3.1 ãðóíò de
en
fr
ru
Êîæíà ã³ðñüêà ïîðîäà ÷è ðîñëèííèé ãðóíò (à òàêîæ òâåðä³ â³äõîäè âèðîáíè÷î¿ òà ãîñïîäàðñüêî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ ëþäèíè), ÿê³ ñòàíîâëÿòü áàãàòîêîìïîíåíòíó ñèñòåìó, ùî çì³íþºòüñÿ çà ÷àñîì, ³ âèêîðèñòîâóºòüñÿ ÿê îñíîâà, ñåðåäîâèùå àáî ìàòåð³àë äëÿ çâåäåííÿ áóäèíê³â òà ³íæåíåðíèõ ñïîðóä
3.2 ãðóíòè øòó÷í³ de
an
fr
ru
Ãðóíòè ïðèðîäíîãî ïîõîäæåííÿ, çì³öíåí³ ³ óù³ëüíåí³ ð³çíèìè ìåòîäàìè, à òàêîæ òâåðä³ â³äõîäè âèðîáíè÷î¿ òà ãîñïîäàðñüêî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ ëþäèíè
3.3 ñòðóêòóðà ãðóíòó
de
en
fr
ru
Îñîáëèâîñò³ áóäîâè ãðóíòó, îáóìîâëåí³ ðîçì³ðàìè ³ ôîðìîþ ÷àñòèíîê, õàðàêòåðîì ¿õ ïîâåðõí³, ê³ëüê³ñíèì ñï³ââ³äíîøåííÿì ñêëàäîâèõ åëåìåíò³â ãðóíòó (ì³íåðàëüíèõ ÷àñòî÷îê àáî àãðåãàò³â ÷àñòî÷îê) ³ õàðàêòåðîì ¿õ âçàºìî䳿 îäíå ç îäíèì
Boden ground terrain ãðóíò
Ëþáàÿ ãîðíàÿ ïîðîäà èëè ïî÷âà (à òàêæå òâåðäûå îòõîäû ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîé è õîçÿéñòâåííîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ÷åëîâåêà), ïðåäñòàâëÿþùèå ñîáîé ìíîãîêîìïîíåíòíóþ ñèñòåìó, èçìåíÿþùóþñÿ âî âðåìåíè, è èñïîëüçóåìûå êàê îñíîâàíèå, ñðåäà èëè ìàòåðèàë äëÿ âîçâåäåíèÿ çäàíèé è èíæåíåðíûõ ñîîðóæåíèé
Kunstboden
artificial ground
terrain artificielle
ãðóíòû èñêóññòâåííûå
Ãðóíòû ïðèðîäíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ, çàêðåïëåííûå è óïëîòíåííûå ðàçëè÷íûìè ìåòîäàìè, à òàêæå òâåðäûå îòõîäû ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîé è õîçÿéñòâåííîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ÷åëîâåêà
Bodenstruktur
ground strukture terrain(sol) structure ñòðóêòóðà ãðóíòà
Îñîáåííîñòè ñòðîåíèÿ ãðóíòà, îáóñëîâëåííûå ðàçìåðîì è ôîðìîé ÷àñòèö, õàðàêòåðîì èõ ïîâåðõíîñòè, êîëè÷åñòâåííûì ñîîòíîøåíèåì ñëàãàþùèõ åëåìåíòîâ (ìèíåðàëüíûõ ÷àñòèö èëè àãðåãàòîâ ÷àñòèö)è õàðàêòåðîì èõ âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ äðóã ñ äðóãîì
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
3.4 òåêñòóðà ãðóíòó de
en
fr
ru
Îñîáëèâîñò³ áóäîâè ãðóíòó, îáóìîâëåí³ ïðîñòîðîâèì ðîçòàøóâàííÿì ñêëàäîâèõ åëåìåíò³â ãðóíòó
3.5 ïóõê³ ãðóíòè de
en
fr
ru
Íàéá³ëüø ïîøèðåí³ áóä³âåëüí³ ìàòåð³àëè. Çà ñâî¿ì ìåõàí³÷íèì ñêëàäîì ö³ ãðóíòè ï³äðîçä³ëÿþòüñÿ íà íåçâ'ÿçí³ ³ çâ'ÿçí³
3.6 çâ'ÿçíèé ãðóíò de
en
fr
ru
Ãðóíò, îñîáëèâ³ñòü áóäîâè ÿêîãî îáóìîâëåíà ê³ëüê³ñíèì ñï³ââ³äíîøåííÿì ÷àñòèíîê, ùî çàáåçïå÷óþòü éîãî ö³ë³ñí³ñòü. Äî çâ'ÿçíèõ ãðóíò³â â³äíîñÿòüñÿ: ñóï³ñîê, ñóãëèíîê, ãëèíà
3.7 íåçâ'ÿçíèé ãðóíò de
en
fr
ru
Ãðóíò, ùî ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç ÷àñòèíîê ðîçì³ðàìè â³ä 0,05 äî 200 ìì (ÿê ç íåâåëèêèõ îêðóãëåíèõ ÷è êóòàñòèõ êàì³íö³â, òàê ³ ç ì³ëêî-çåðíèñòèõ ³ ïèëîâèäíèõ). Äî íåçâ'ÿçíèõ ãðóíò³â â³äíîñÿòüñÿ: ãàëüêà, ùåá³íü. ãðàâ³é, æîðñòâà, ï³ñîê, ïèë
Bodenmaserund
ground texture
texture du terrain
òåêñòóðà ãðóíòà
Îñîáåííîñòè ñòðîåíèÿ ãðóíòà, îáóñëîâëåííûå ïðîñòðàíñòâåííûì ðàñïîëîæåíèåì ñëàãàþùèõ ãðóíò ýëåìåíòîâ
lockerer Boden conerent ground meuble terrain ðûõëûå ãðóíòû
Íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûå ñòðîèòåëüíûå ìàòåðèàëû. Ïî ñâîåìó ìåõàíè÷åñêîìó ñîñòàâó ýòè ãðóíòû ïîäðàçäåëÿþòñÿ íà íåñâÿçíûå è ñâÿçíûå
loker Boden
friable ground
friable terrain cohérent ñâÿçíûé ãðóíò
Ãðóíò, îñîáåííîñòü ñòðîåíèÿ êîòîðîãî îáóñëîâëåíà êîëè÷åñòâåííûì ñîîòíîøåíèåì ÷àñòèö, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèõ åãî öåëîñòíîñòü. Ê ñâÿçíûì ãðóíòàì îòíîñÿòñÿ: ñóïåñü, ñóãëèíîê, ãëèíà
unzusammen hängen der Boden
in coherent ground
in cohérent terrain
íåñâÿçíûé ãðóíò
Ãðóíò, ñîñòîÿùèé èç ÷àñòèö ðàçìåðàìè îò 0,05 äî 200 ìì (êàê èç íåáîëüøèõ ñêàòàííûõ èëè óãëîâàòûõ êàìíåé, òàê è èç ìåëêîçåðíèñòûõ è ïûëåâèäíûõ). Ê íåñâÿçíûì ãðóíòàì îòíîñÿòñÿ:
ãàëüêà, ùåáåíü, ãðàâèé, äðåñâà, ïåñîê, ïûëü
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
3.8 ãàëüêà de Kieselsteine
en cobble
fr galet
ru ãàëüêà
Ãðóíò, ùî ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç íåâåëèêèõ îêðóãëåíèõ êàìåí³â. Ðîçì³ðè êàìåí³â ó ïîïåðå÷íèêó ñòàíîâëÿòü â³ä 200 äî 20 ìì
3.9 ùåá³íü de
en
fr
ru
Ãðóíò, ùî ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç íåâåëèêèõ êóòàñòèõ êàìåí³â. Ðîçì³ðè êàì³ííÿ ó ïîïåðå÷íèêó ñòàíîâëÿòü â³ä 20 äî 2 ìì
3.10 ãðàâ³é de
en
fr
ru
Ãðóíò, ùî ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç îáêàòàíèõ äóæå ìàëåíüêèõ êàì³íö³â. Ðîçì³ðè êàìåí³â ó ïîïåðå÷íèêó ñòàíîâëÿòü â³ä 20 äî 2 ìì
3.11 æîðñòâà de
en
fr
ru
Ãðóíò, ùî ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç êóòàñòèõ äóæå ìàëåíüêèõ êàì³íö³â. Ðîçì³ðè êàìåí³â ó ïîïåðå÷íèêó ñòàíîâëÿòü â³ä 20 äî 2 ìì
Ãðóíò, ñîñòîÿùèé èç íåáîëüøèõ ñêàòàííûõ êàìíåé. Ðàçìåðû êàìíåé â ïîïåðå÷íèêå ñîñòàâëÿþò îò 200 äî 20 ìì
Splitt, Schotter, Steinschutt crushed stone
blocage, blocaille
ùåáåíü
Ãðóíò, ñîñòîÿùèé èç íåáîëüøèõ óãëîâàòûõ êàìíåé. Ðàçìåðû êàìíåé â ïîïåðå÷íèêå ñîñòàâëÿþò îò 20 äî 2 ìì
gravel gravier ãðàâèé
Ãðóíò, ñîñòîÿùèé èç ñêàòàííûõ î÷åíü ìàëûõ êàìåøêîâ. Ðàçìåðû êàìíåé â ïîïåðå÷íèêå ñîñòàâëÿþò îò 20 äî 2 ìì
Kiessand gravel gravier äðåñâà
Ãðóíò, ñîñòîÿùèé èç óãëîâàòûõ î÷åíü ìàëåíüêèõ êàìíåé. Ðàçìåðû êàìíåé â ïîïåðå÷íèêå ñîñòàâëÿþò îò 20 äî 2 ìì
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
3.12 ïèë
de Staub
en dust
fr poussière
ru ïûëü
Äóæå ì³ëêîçåðíèñòèé ãðóíò, ùî ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç ÷àñòèíîê, ÿê³ ìàþòü ðîçì³ðè â³ä 0,25 äî 0,005 ìì ó ïîïåðå÷íèêó
3.13 ãðóíò íàï³âñêåëüíèé de
en
fr
ru
Ãðóíò, ùî ìຠãðàíèöþ ì³öíîñò³ íà îäíîîñüîâå ñòèñíåííÿ ó âîäîíàñè÷åíîìó ñòàí³ ìåíøå í³æ 5 ÌÏà (50 êãñ/ñì2 )
3.14 ãðóíò ìåðçëèé de
en
fr
ru
Ãðóíò, ùî ìຠì³íóñîâó òåìïåðàòóðó ³ ì³ñòèòü ó ñâîºìó ñêëàä³ ë³ä
3.15 ãðóíò â³÷íîìåðçëèé de
en
fr
ru
Ãðóíò, ÿêèé â óìîâàõ ïðèðîäíîãî çàëÿãàííÿ çíàõîäèòüñÿ ó çàìåðçëîìó ñòàí³ áåçïåðåðâíî (òîáòî áåç ðîçìîðîæóâàííÿ) ïðîòÿãîì áàãàòüîõ (òðüîõ ³ á³ëüøå) ðîê³â
3.16 ãðóíò ìîðîçíèé de
en
fr
ru
Ñêåëüíèé ãðóíò, ùî ìຠì³íóñîâó òåìïåðàòóðó ³ íå ì³ñòèòü ó ñâîºìó ñêëàä³ ë³ä
Î÷åíü ìåëêîçåðíèñòûé ãðóíò, ñîñòîÿùèé èç ÷àñòèö ðàçìåðîì îò 0,25 äî 0,005 ìì â ïîïåðå÷íèêå
halbfelsiger Boden ground halfroch
sol semirocheux
ãðóíò ïîëóñêàëüíûé
Ãðóíò, èìåþùèé ïðåäåë ïðî÷íîñòè íà îäíîîñíîå ñæàòèå â âîäîíàñûùåííîì ñîñòîÿíèè ìåíåå 5 ÌÏà (50 êãñ/ñì2)
gefrorener Boden frozen ground
sol gelé
ãðóíò ìåðçëûé
Ãðóíò, èìåþùèé ìèíóñîâóþ òåìïåðàòóðó è ñîäåðæàùèé â ñâîåì ñîñòàâå ëåä
Dauerfrostboden always frozen ground sol glacé
ãðóíò âå÷íîìåðçëûé
Ãðóíò, êîòîðûé â óñëîâèÿõ ïðèðîäíîãî çàëåãàíèÿ íàõîäèòñÿ â ìåðçëîì ñîñòîÿíèè íåïðåðûâíî (áåç îòòàèâàíèÿ) â òå÷åíèè ìíîãèõ (òðåõ è áîëåå) ëåò
frostiger Boden frostu ground
sol effet froid ãðóíò ìîðîçíûé
Ñêàëüíûé ãðóíò, èìåþùèé ìèíóñîâóþ òåìïåðàòóðó è íå ñîäåðæàùèé â ñâîåì ñîñòàâå ëåä
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
3.17 ãðóíò òâåðäîìåðçëèé de hartgefrorener Boden
en firmly frozen ground
fr fermement congelé terrain
ru ãðóíò òâåðäîìåðçëûé
Ãðóíò, ì³öíî çöåìåíòîâàíèé ëüîäîì, ùî õàðàêòåðèçóºòüñÿ â³äíîñíî êðèõêèì ðóéíóâàííÿì òà ïðàêòè÷íèì íå óù³ëüíåííÿì ï³ä 䳺þ íàâàíòàæåíü â³ä áóä³âåëü ³ ñïîðóä
Ãðóíò, ïðî÷íî ñöåìåíòèðîâàííûé ëüäîì è õàðàêòåðèçóåìûé îòíîñèòåëüíî õðóïêèì ðàçðóøåíèåì è ïðàêòè÷åñêîé íå ñæèìàåìîñòüþ ïîä äåéñòâèåì íàãðóçîê îò çäàíèé è ñîîðóæåíèé
3.18 ãðóíò ïëàñòè÷íîìåðçëèé de Plastischgefrorenerboden
en plastik frozen ground
fr plastigue gelé terrain
ru ãðóíò ïëàñòè÷íîìåðçëûé
Ãðóíò, çöåìåíòîâàíèé ëüîäîì, àëå ÿêèé ìຠâ'ÿçê³ âëàñòèâîñò³ ³ õàðàêòåðèçóºòüñÿ ñòèñëèâ³ñòþ ï³ä 䳺þ íàâàíòàæåíü â³ä áóä³âåëü ³ ñïîðóä
Ãðóíò, ñöåìåíòèðîâàííûé ëüäîì, íî îáëàäàþùèé âÿçêèìè ñâîéñòâàìè è õàðàêòåðèçóåìûé ñæèìàåìîñòüþ ïîä äåéñòâèåì íàãðóçîê îò çäàíèé è ñîîðóæåíèé
3.19 ãðóíò ñèïêîìåðçëèé de Schuttgeirorenerbodcn
en quiksand frozen ground
fr mouvant gelé terrain
ru ãðóíò ñûïó÷åìåðçëûé
Ãðóíò âåëèêîóëàìêîâèé ³ ï³ñ÷àíèé, ùî ìຠì³íóñîâó òåìïåðàòóðó, àëå íå çöåìåíòîâàíèé ëüîäîì âíàñë³äîê éîãî ìàëî¿ âîëîãîñò³
Êðóïíîîáëîìî÷íûé è ïåñ÷àíûé ãðóíò, èìåþùèé ìèíóñîâóþ òåìïåðàòóðó, íî íå ñöåìåíòèðîâàííûé ëüäîì âñëåäñòâèå èõ ìàëîé âëàæíîñòè
3.20 ãðóíò de Boden
en soil
fr terrain
ru ïî÷âà
Ïðèðîäíå ôîðìóâàííÿ, ùî ñêëàäຠïîâåðõíåâèé øàð çåìíî¿ êîðè ³ ìຠðîäþ÷³ âëàñòèâîñò³. Ãðóíòè ñêëàäàþòüñÿ ç äåê³ëüêîõ ãîðèçîíò³â, ùî âèíèêëè âíàñë³äîê ñêëàäíî¿ âçàºìî䳿 ìàòåðèíñüêèõ ã³ðñüêèõ ïîð³ä, êë³ìàòó, ðåëüºôó ì³ñöåâîñò³, ðîñëèííîñò³, òâàðèííèõ îðãàí³çì³â
Ïðèðîäíîå îáðàçîâàíèå, ñëàãàþùåå ïîâåðõíîñòíûé ñëîé çåìíîé êîðû è îáëàäàþùåå ïëîäîðîäèåì. Ïî÷âû ñîñòîÿò èç íåñêîëüêèõ ãîðèçîíòîâ, âîçíèêøèõ â ðåçóëüòàòå ñëîæíîãî âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ ìàòåðèíñêèõ ãîðíûõ ïîðîä, êëèìàòà, ðåëüåôà ìåñòíîñòè, ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè, æèâîòíûõ îðãàíèçìîâ
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
3.21 ìóë de
en
fr
ru
Âîäîíàñè÷åíèé ñó÷àñíèé îñàä âîäîéì, ùî óòâîðèâñÿ çà íàÿâíîñò³ ì³êðîá³îëîã³÷íèõ ïðîöåñ³â, ùî ìຠâîëîã³ñòü, ÿêà ïåðåâèùóº âîëîã³ñòü íà ãðàíèö³ òåêó÷îñò³ ³ êîåô³ö³ºíò ïîðèñòîñò³ 0,9
3.22 ñàïðîïåëü de
en
fr
ru
Ïð³ñíîâîäíèé ìóë, ùî âèíèê ïðè ñàìîðîçêëàäàíí³ îðãàí³÷íèõ (ïåðåâàæíî ðîñëèííèõ) çàëèøê³â íà äí³ çàñò³éíèõ âîäîéì (îçåð), ÿêèé ì³ñòèòü á³ëüøå 10 % îðãàí³÷íèõ ðå÷îâèí;
ìຠêîåô³ö³ºíò ïîðèñòîñò³, ÿê ïðàâèëî, á³ëüøå 3, ïîêàçíèê òåêó÷îñò³ á³ëüøå 1 ; âì³ñò ÷àñòèíîê ðîçì³ðîì á³ëüøå çà 0,25 ìì íå ïåðåâèùóº 5 %
3.23 òîðô de
en
fr
ru
Îðãàíî-ì³íåðàëüíèé ãðóíò, ùî âèíèê âíàñë³äîê ïðèðîäíîãî â³äìèðàííÿ ³ íå ïîâíîãî ðîçêëàäó áîëîòíèõ ðîñëèí â óìîâàõ ï³äâèùåíî¿ âîëîãîñò³ ïðè â³äñóòíîñò³ êèñíþ òà ì³ñòèòü 50 % ³ á³ëüøå îðãàí³÷íèõ ðå÷îâèí
Schlamm silt
limon
èë
Âîäîíàñûùåííûé ñîâðåìåííûé îñàäîê âîäîåìîâ, îáðàçîâàâøèéñÿ ïðè íàëè÷èè ìèêðîáèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññîâ, èìåþùèé âëàæíîñòü, ïðåâûøàþùóþ âëàæíîñòü íà ãðàíèöå òåêó÷åñòè è êîåôôèöèåíò ïîðèñòîñòè 0,9
Sapropel sapropel sapropel ñàïðîïåëü
Ïðåñíîâîäíûé èë, îáðàçîâàâøèéñÿ ïðè ñàìîðàçëîæåíèè îðãàíè÷åñêèõ (ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ðàñòèòåëüíûõ) îñòàòêîâ íà äíå çàñòîéíûõ âîäîåìîâ (îçåð) è ñîäåðæàùèé áîëåå 10 % îðãàíè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ; èìååò êîýôôèöèåíò ïîðèñòîñòè, êàê ïðàâèëî, áîëåå 3, ïîêàçàòåëü òåêó÷åñòè áîëåå 1; ñîäåðæàíèå ÷àñòèö ðàçìåðîì áîëåå 0,25 ìì íå ïðåâûøàåò 5 %
Torf
peal tourbe òîðô
Îðãàíî-ìèíåðàëüíûé ãðóíò, îáðàçîâàâøèéñÿ â ðåçóëüòàòå åñòåñòâåííîãî îòìèðàíèÿ è íåïîëíîãî ðàçëîæåíèÿ áîëîòíûõ ðàñòåíèé â óñëîâèÿõ ïîâûøåííîé âëàæíîñòè ïðè íåäîñòàòêå êèñëîðîäà è ñîäåðæàùèé 50 % è áîëåå îðãàíè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
3.24 ãðóíòè çàòîðôîâàí³ de
en
fr
ru
ϳñ÷àí³, ïèëóâàò³ ³ ãëèíèñò³ ãðóíòè, ùî ì³ñòÿòü ó ñâîºìó ñêëàä³ â³ä 10 äî 50 % (çà ìàñîþ) îðãàí³÷íèõ ðå÷îâèí
3.25 îðãàí³÷íà ðå÷îâèíà de
en
fr
ru
Îðãàí³÷í³ îá'ºäíàííÿ, ÿê³ âõîäÿòü äî ñêëàäó ãðóíòó ó âèãëÿä³ çàëèøê³â ðîñëèííèõ ³ òâàðèííèõ îðãàí³çì³â, ùî íå ðîçêëàëèñü, à òàêîæ ïðîäóêò³â ¿õ ðîçêëàäó ³ ïåðåòâîðþâàííÿ
3.26 ðîñëèíí³ çàëèøêè de
en fr ru
Íåðîçêëàäåí³ ìåõàí³÷í³ âêëþ÷åííÿ ðîñëèí
3.27 ãóìóñ de
en
fr
ru
Ñêëàäíèé àãðåãàò òåìíîïîôàð-áîâàíèõ àìôîðíèõ ïðîäóêò³â ïåðåâàæíî á³îõ³ì³÷íîãî ðîçêëàäó â³äìåðëèõ çàëèøê³â îðãàí³çì³â
Durchtorfboden
marshy ground
sol tourbeux
ãðóíòû çàòîðôîâàííûå
Ïåñ÷àíûå, ïûëåâàòûå è ãëèíèñòûå ãðóíòû, ñîäåðæàùèå â ñâîåì ñîñòàâå îò 10 äî 50 % (ïî ìàññå) îðãàíè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ
organischer Stoff
organic substance
matières organigues îðãàíè÷åñêîå âåùåñòâî
Îðãàíè÷åñêèå ñîåäèíåíèÿ, âõîäÿùèå â ñîñòàâ ãðóíòà â âèäå íåðàçëîæèâøèõñÿ îñòàòêîâ ðàñòèòåëüíûõ è æèâîòíûõ îðãàíèçìîâ, à òàêæå ïðîäóêòîâ èõ ðàçëîæåíèÿ è ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ
Vegetationsrest
vegetable rest
restes végétation ðàñòèòåëüíûå îñòàòêè
Íåðàçëîæèâøèåñÿ ìåõàíè÷åñêèå âêëþ÷åíèÿ ðàñòåíèé
Humus gumus humus ãóìóñ
Ñëîæíûé àãðåãàò òåìíîîêðàøåí-íûõ àìôîðíûõ ïðîäóêòîâ ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî áèîõèìè÷åñêîãî ðàçëîæåíèÿ îòìåðëûõ îðãàíèçìîâ
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
4 ÌÅÒÎÄÈ ËÀÁÎÐÀÒÎÐÍÎÃÎ ÂÈÇÍÀ×ÅÍÍß ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊ ÃÐÓÍÒ²Â
4.1 âîëîã³ñòü ãðóíòó de
en
fr
ru
³äíîøåííÿ ìàñè âîäè ó îá'ºì³ ãðóíòó äî ìàñè öüîãî ãðóíòó, ÿêèé âèñóøåíî äî ïîñò³éíî¿ ìàñè
4.2 îïòèìàëüíà âîëîã³ñòü de
en
fr
ru
Âîëîã³ñòü, ïðè ÿê³é äîñÿãàºòüñÿ ìàêñèìàëüíà ù³ëüí³ñòü ñêåëåòó ãðóíòó
4.3 ã³ãðîñêîï³÷íà âîëîã³ñòü de
en
fr
ru
Âîëîã³ñòü ãðóíòó ó ïîâ³òðÿíî-ñóõîìó ñòàí³, òîáòî ó ñòàí³ ð³âíîâàãè ç âîëîã³ñòþ ³ òåìïåðàòóðîþ íàâêîëèøíüîãî ïîâ³òðÿ
4.4 ãðàíèöÿ òåêó÷îñò³ de
en
fr
ru
Âîëîã³ñòü ãðóíòó, ïðè ÿê³é ãðóíò çíàõîäèòüñÿ íà ãðàíèö³ ïëàñòè÷íîãî ³ òåêó÷îãî ñòàí³â
Bodenfeuchtigkeit
humidity ground
humidité terrain
âëàæíîñòü ãðóíòà
Îòíîøåíèå ìàññû âîäû â îáúåìå ãðóíòà ê ìàññå ýòîãî ãðóíòà, âûñóøåííîãî äî ïîñòîÿííîé ìàññû
optimale Feuchtigkeit
optimum humiditu
optimum humidité
îïòèìàëüíàÿ âëàæíîñòü
Âëàæíîñòü, ïðè êîòîðîé äîñòèãíóòà ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ ïëîòíîñòü ñêåëåòà ãðóíòà
hygroskopische Feuchtigkeit waterabsorwing propetru humidité hydroscopigue humidité ãèãðîñêîïè÷åñêàÿ âëàæíîñòü
Âëàæíîñòü ãðóíòà â âîçäóøíî-ñóõîì ñîñòîÿíèè, ò.å. â ñîñòîÿíèè ðàâíîâåñèÿ ñ âëàæíîñòüþ è òåìïåðàòóðîé îêðóæàþùåãî âîçäóõà
Flüssigkeitsgrenze boundary fluidity limité fluidité
ãðàíèöà òåêó÷åñòè
Âëàæíîñòü ãðóíòà, ïðè êîòîðîé ãðóíò íàõîäèòñÿ íà ãðàíèöå ïëàñòè÷íîãî è òåêó÷åãî ñîñòîÿíèé
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
4.5 ãðàíèöÿ ðîçêî÷óâàííÿ de (ïëàñòè÷íîñò³)
en
fr
ru
Âîëîã³ñòü ãðóíòó, ïðè ÿê³é ãðóíò çíàõîäèòüñÿ íà ãðàíèö³ òâåðäîãî ³ ïëàñòè÷íîãî ñòàí³â
4.6 ù³ëüí³ñòü ãðóíòó de
en
fr
ru
4.7 ù³ëüí³ñòü ñóõîãî ãðóíòó de
en
fr
ru
³äíîøåííÿ ìàñè ãðóíòó, ç â³äðàõóâàííÿì ìàñè âîäè ³ ëüîäó â éîãî ïîðàõ, äî éîãî ïî÷àòêîâîãî îá'ºìó
4.8 ù³ëüí³ñòü ÷àñòî÷îê ãðóíòó de
en
fr
ru
Ìàñà îäèíèö³ îá'ºìó òâåðäèõ (ñêåëåòíèõ) ÷àñòèíîê ãðóíòó
4.9 ãðàíèöÿ ì³öíîñò³ de (òèì÷àñîâèé îï³ð) en
ïðè îäíîîñüîâîìó ñòèñíåíí³ fr
ru
Ñï³ââ³äíîøåííÿ ìàêñèìàëüíî¿ âåëè÷èíè íàâàíòàæåííÿ, ïðè ÿê³é â³äáóâàºòüñÿ çðóéíóâàííÿ çðàçêà ãðóíòó, äî ïëîù³ éîãî ïî÷àòêîâîãî ïîïåðå÷íîãî ïåðåð³çó
Grenze der Plastizität
(des Aufrollens)
boundary roll
limité dérouler (plasticité)
ãðàíèöà ðàñêàòûâàíèÿ
(ïëàñòè÷íîñòè)
Âëàæíîñòü ãðóíòà, ïðè êîòîðîé ãðóíò íàõîäèòñÿ íà ãðàíèöå òâåðäîãî è ïëàñòè÷íîãî ñîñòîÿíèé
Bodendichte
compacten ground compacité terrain ïëîòíîñòü ãðóíòà
Dichte des trockenen Bodens compacten arid ground compacité aridé terrain ïëîòíîñòü ñóõîãî ãðóíòà
Îòíîøåíèå ìàññû ãðóíòà, çà âû÷åòîì ìàññû âîäû è ëüäà â åãî ïîðàõ, ê åãî ïåðâîíà÷àëüíîìó îáúåìó
Dichte der Bodenteilchen compacten fraction ground compacité partier terrain ïëîòíîñòü ÷àñòèö ãðóíòà
Ìàññà åäèíèöû îáúåìà òâåðäûõ (ñêåëåòíûõ) ÷àñòèö ãðóíòà
Bruchgrenze (Bruchfestigkeit)
failure limit
limité de rupture
ïðåäåë ïðî÷íîñòè (âðåìåííîå
ñîïðîòèâëåíèå) ïðè îäíîîñíîì
ñæàòèè
Îòíîøåíèå ìàêñèìàëüíîé íàãðóçêè, ïðè êîòîðîé ïðîèñõîäèò ðàçðóøåíèå îáðàçöà ãðóíòà, ê ïëîùàäè åãî ïåðâîíà÷àëüíîãî ïîïåðå÷íîãî ñå÷åíèÿ
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
4.10 íåäðåíîâàíå âèïðîáóâàííÿ
Âèïðîáóâàííÿ ãðóíòó äëÿ âèçíà÷åííÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ì³öíîñò³ ïðè â³äñóòíîñò³ âèòèñíåííÿ ïîðîâî¿ âîäè ³ç çðàçêà â ïðîöåñ³ âñüîãî âèïðîáóâàííÿ
4.11 êîíñîë³äîâàíî-íåäðåíîâàíå âèïðîáóâàííÿ
Âèïðîáóâàííÿ äëÿ âèçíà÷åííÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ì³öíîñò³ ïðè â³äæèìàíí³ ïîðîâî¿ âîäè ³ç çðàçêà â ïðîöåñ³ óù³ëüíåííÿ ãðóíòó òà â³äñóòíîñò³ â³äæèìàííÿ ïðè âåðòèêàëüíîìó íàâàíòàæåíí³
4.12 äðåíîâàíå âèïðîáóâàííÿ
Âèïðîáóâàííÿ ãðóíòó äëÿ âèçíà÷åííÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ì³öíîñò³ ³ äåôîðìîâàíîñò³ ïðè â³äæèìàíí³ âîäè ³ç çðàçêà â ïðîöåñ³ âñüîãî âèïðîáóâàííÿ
4.13 ìîäóëü çðóøåííÿ
de Undränageprobe
en not drainage test
fr non drainage épreuve
ru íåäðåíèðîâàííîå èñïûòàíèå
Èñïûòàíèå ãðóíòà äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ïðî÷íîñòè ïðè îòñóòñòâèè îòæàòèÿ ïîðîâîé âîäû èç îáðàçöà â ïðîöåññå âñåãî èñïûòàíèÿ
de konsolidierte Undränageprobe
en not drainage test
fr non drainage épreuve
ru êîíñîëèäèðîâàííî-
íåäðåíèðîâàííîå èñïûòàíèå
Èñïûòàíèå ãðóíòà äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ïðî÷íîñòè ïðè îòæàòèè ïîðîâîé âîäû èç îáðàçöà â ïðîöåññå óïëîòíåíèÿ ãðóíòà è îòñóòñòâèè îòæàòèÿ ïðè ïðèëîæåíèè âåðòèêàëüíîé íàãðóçêè
de Dränageprobe
en drainage test
fr drainage épreuve
ru äðåíèðîâàííîå èñïûòàíèå
Èñïûòàíèå ãðóíòà äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ïðî÷íîñòè è äåôîðìèðóåìîñòè ïðè îòæàòèè âîäû èç îáðàçöà â ïðîöåññå âñåãî èñïûòàíèÿ
de Modul der Verschiebung
der Erdschichten
en modulus of elasticity
fr module de cisaillement
ru ìîäóëü ñäâèãà
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà äåôîðìîâà-íîñò³, ÿêó âèçíà÷àþòü ñï³ââ³äíîøåííÿì ³íòåíñèâíîñò³ äîòè÷íèõ íàïðóæåíü äî ³íòåíñèâíîñò³ äåôîðìàö³é çðóøåíü
4.14 ìîäóëü îá'ºìíî¿ de äåôîðìàö³¿ (Ê) en
fr
ru
Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà äåôîðìîâà-íîñò³ ãðóíòó, ÿêó âèçíà÷àþòü ñï³ââ³äíîøåííÿì ñåðåäíüîãî íîðìàëüíîãî íàïðóæåííÿ äî îá'ºìíî¿ äåôîðìàö³¿
4.15 êîåô³ö³ºíò ñòèñíåííÿ de
en
fr
ru
Ïîêàçíèê äåôîðìîâàíîñò³, ÿêèé õàðàêòåðèçóº îñ³äàííÿ ïëàñòè÷íî-ìåðçëîãî àáî â³äòàëîãî ãðóíòó ï³ä íàâàíòàæåííÿì
4.16 êîåô³ö³ºíò â³äòàâàííÿ de
en
fr
ru
Ïîêàçíèê äåôîðìóâàííÿ, ÿêèé õàðàêòåðèçóº îñ³äàííÿ ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòó ïðè éîãî â³äòàâàíí³ áåç íàâàíòàæåííÿ
4.17 ìîäóëü ë³í³éíî¿ de
äåôîðìàö³¿ (Å) en
fr
ru
Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà äåôîðìèðóå-ìîñòè, îïðåäåëÿåìàÿ îòíîøåíèåì èíòåíñèâíîñòè êàñàòåëüíûõ íàïðÿæåíèé ê èíòåíñèâíîñòè äåôîðìàöèé ñäâèãà
Modul der Volumendeformation
modulus volume deformation
module de déformation
volumétrique
ìîäóëü îáúåìíîé äåôîðìàöèè (Ê)
Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà äåôîðìèðóåìîãî ãðóíòà, îïðåäåëÿåìàÿ îòíîøåíèåì ñðåäíåãî íîðìàëüíîãî íàïðÿæåíèÿ ê îáúåìíîé äåôîðìàöèè
coefficient compressibility
coefficient de compressibilité
êîýôôèöèåíò ñæèìàåìîñòè
Ïîêàçàòàëü äåôîðìèðóåìîñòè, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèé îñàäêó ïëàñòè÷íî-ìåðçëîãî èëè îòòàèâàþùåãî ãðóíòà ïîä íàãðóçêîé
Koeffizient des Abtauens coefficient thaw out
coefficient de dégeler
êîýôôèöèåíò îòòàèâàíèÿ
Ïîêàçàòåëü äåôîðìèðóåìîñòè, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèé îñàäêó ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòà ïðè åãî îòòàèâàíèè áåç íàãðóçêè
Modul der Liniendeformation modulus linear deformation
module de linéaire déformation ìîäóëü ëèíåéíîé äåôîðìàöèè (Å)
Ïîêàçíèê ë³í³éíî¿ äåôîðìîâà-íîñò³ ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòó, ÿêèé â³äîáðàæຠâ³äíîøåííÿ íàïðóæåííÿ äî â³äíîñíèõ ïîçäîâæí³õ äåôîðìàö³é, ùî ñïðè÷èíèëèñÿ
4.18 êîåô³ö³ºíò íåë³í³éíî¿ de äåôîðìàö³¿
en
fr
ru
Ïîêàçíèê, ÿêèé õàðàêòåðèçóº çàëåæí³ñòü äåôîðìàö³é ïîâçó÷îñò³ ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòó â³ä íàïðóæåíü ³ ÷àñó
4.19 êîåô³ö³ºíò ïîïåðå÷íîãî de ðîçøèðåííÿ en
fr
ru
Ïîêàçíèê äåôîðìîâàíîñò³, ÿêèé õàðàêòåðèçóº â³äíîøåííÿ ïîçäîâæí³õ ³ ïîïåðå÷íèõ äåôîðìàö³é ãðóíòó
4.20 êîåô³ö³ºíò â'ÿçêîñò³ de
en
fr
ru
Ïîêàçíèê äåôîðìîâàíîñò³, ÿêèé õàðàêòåðèçóº øâèäê³ñòü ïëàñòè÷íî-â'ÿçêî¿ ïëèííîñò³ (ó ñòà䳿 íåçàòóõàþ÷î¿ ïîâçó÷îñò³) ñèëüíîëüîäèñòîãî ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòó, çàëåæíèé â³ä ÷àñó 䳿 íàâàíòàæåíü ³ çíà÷åííÿ ì³íóñîâî¿ òåìïåðàòóðè ãðóíòó
4.21 åêâ³âàëåíòíå ç÷åïëåííÿ de
en
fr
ru
Ïîêàçàòåëü ëèíåéíîé äåôîðìè-ðóåìîñòè ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòà, îòðàæàþùèé îòíîøåíèå íàïðÿæåíèé ê âûçâàííûì îòíîñèòåëüíûì ïðîäîëüíûì äåôîðìàöèÿì
Koeffizient der unlinearen
Deformation
coefficient in linear deformation
coefficient de in linéare
déformation
êîýôôèöèåíò íåëèíåéíîé
äåôîðìàöèè
Ïîêàçàòåëü, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèé çàâèñèìîñòü äåôîðìàöèé ïîëçó÷åñòè ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòà îò íàïðÿæåíèé è âðåìåíè
Koeffizient der Quererweiterung coefficient cross boadening coefficient de transversal dilatation êîýôôèöèåíò ïîïåðå÷íîãî ðàñøèðåíèÿ
Ïîêàçàòåëü äåôîðìèðóåìîñòè, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèé îòíîøåíèå ïðîäîëüíûõ è ïîïåðå÷íûõ äåôîðìàöèé ãðóíòà
Koeffizient Zähigkeit coefficient viscidity coefficient de viscosité êîýôôèöèåíò âÿçêîñòè
Ïîêàçàòåëü äåôîðìèðîâàíîñòè, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèé ñêîðîñòü ïëàñòè÷íî-âÿçêîãî òå÷åíèÿ (â ñòàäèè íåçàòóõàþùåé ïîëçó÷åñòè) ñèëüíîëüäèñòîãî ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòà, çàâèñÿùèé îò âðåìåíè äåéñòâèÿ íàãðóçêè è çíà÷åíèÿ ìèíóñîâîé òåìïåðàòóðû ãðóíòà
Äguivalent des Zusammenhaltes equivalent cohesion
équivalent adhérence
ýêâèâàëåíòíîå ñöåïëåíèå
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
Êîìïëåêñíà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ì³öíîñò³ ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòó, ùî âðàõîâóº ÿê âëàñíå ç÷åïëåííÿ, òàê ³ íàÿâí³ñòü âíóòð³øíüîãî òåðòÿ
4.22 îï³ð ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòó de çðóøåííþ ïî ïîâåðõí³ çìåðçàííÿ ç ìàòåð³àëîì ôóíäàìåíòó(Raf)
en
fr
ru
Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ì³öíîñò³ ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòó, ÿêó âèçíà÷àþòü çíà÷åííÿì äîòè÷íîãî íàïðóæåííÿ, ïðè ÿêîìó â³äáóâàºòüñÿ ðóéíóâàííÿ (çðóøåííÿ)
4.23 ïîâçó÷³ñòü de
en
fr
ru
Ðîçâèòîê äåôîðìàö³é ãðóíòó â ÷àñ³ ïðè íåçì³ííîìó íàïðóæåíí³
4.24 ñòàä³ÿ íåçàòóõàþ÷î¿ de
ïîâçó÷îñò³ en
fr
ru
Ïðîöåñ äåôîðìóâàííÿ ãðóíòó ç ïîñò³éíîþ àáî íàðîñòàþ÷îþ øâèäê³ñòþ ïðè íåçì³ííîìó íàïðóæåíí³
Êîìïëåêñíàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ïðî÷íîñòè ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòà, ó÷èòûâàþùàÿ êàê ñîáñòâåííî ñöåïëåíèå, òàê è íàëè÷èå âíóòðåííåãî òðåíèÿ
Verdrängurgswiderstand des
gefrorenen Bodens gegen Verschiebung
an der Oberfläche des Gefrierens
mit dem Baumaterial des Fundaments
driving resistance frozen ground
of elastikity frost surface material
foundation
résistance du sol gelé
de cisaillement effet surface
matériaux-fondation
ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòà
ñäâèãó ïî ïîâåðõíîñòè ñìåðçàíèÿ
ñ ìàòåðèàëîì ôóíäàìåíòà (Raf)
Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ïðî÷íîñòè ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòà, îïðåäåëÿåìàÿ çíà÷åíèåì êàñàòåëüíîãî íàïðÿæåíèÿ, ïðè êîòîðîì ïðîèñõîäèò ðàçðóøåíèå (ñäâèã)
Kriechen creepind
fluage ïîëçó÷åñòü
Ðàçâèòèå äåôîðìàöèé ãðóíòà âî âðåìåíè ïðè íåèçìåííîì íàïðÿæåíèè
Stadium des kontinuierlichen Kriechens
stage nonattenuation creepind
stade de inodes fluage
ñòàäèÿ íåçàòóõàþùåé ïîëçó÷åñòè
Ïðîöåññ äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ ãðóíòà ñ ïîñòîÿííîé èëè óâåëè÷èâàþùåéñÿ ñêîðîñòüþ ïðè íåèçìåííîì íàïðÿæåíèè
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
4.25 îï³ð çð³çó ãðóíòó de
en
fr
ru
Îï³ð çì³öíåííþ îäí³º¿ ÷àñòèíè ãðóíòó çà â³äíîøåííÿì äî éîãî äðóãî¿ ÷àñòèíè ï³ä 䳺þ ïîñòóïîâî çðîñòàþ÷îãî íàâàíòàæåííÿ, ùî õàðàêòåðèçóºòüñÿ âåëè÷èíîþ äîòè÷íîãî íàïðóæåííÿ, ïðè ÿêîìó â³äáóâàºòüñÿ ðóéíóâàííÿ (çð³ç) ãðóíòó
4.26 ïðèëàä îäíîïëîùèííîãî çð³çó de
en
fr
ru
Ïðèëàä, ÿêèé âèêîðèñòîâóºòüñÿ ïðè âèÿâëåíí³ îïîðó çð³çó ãðóíòó ïî çàô³êñîâàí³é ïëîùèí³ øëÿõîì ïåðåì³ùåííÿ îäí³º¿ ÷àñòèíè çð³çíî¿ êîðîáêè â³äíîñíî ³íøî¿
4.27 ìåòîä êîíñîë³äîâàíîãî çð³çó de
en
fr
ru
Âèïðîáóâàííÿ íà çð³ç ãðóíòó, ïîïåðåäíüî óù³ëüíåíîãî âåðòèêàëüíèì íàâàíòàæåííÿì, ùî ïðîâîäèòüñÿ â óìîâàõ äðåíóâàííÿ øëÿõîì ï³äâèùåííÿ çð³çàþ÷îãî íàâàíòàæåííÿ ç òàêîþ øâèäê³ñòþ (ïîâ³ëüíå âèïðîáóâàííÿ), ïðè ÿê³é çàáåçïå÷óºòüñÿ ïîâíà êîíñîë³äàö³ÿ ãðóíòó
Widerstand des Bodenschnittes resistance cut off
résistance de cisaillement terrain ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ñðåçó ãðóíòà
Ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ñìåùåíèþ îäíîé ÷àñòè ãðóíòà ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê åãî äðóãîé ÷àñòè ïîä äåéñòâèåì ïîñòåïåííî âîçðàñòàþùåé íàãðóçêè, õàðàêòåðèçóåìîå âåëè÷èíîé êàñàòåëüíîãî íàïðÿæåíèÿ, ïðè êîòîðîì ïðîèñõîäèò ðàçðóøåíèå (ñðåç) ãðóíòà
Gerät des Schnittes
apparatus cut off
appareil de uniplain cisaillement
ïðèáîð îäíîïëîñêîñòíîãî ñðåçà
Ïðèáîð, ïðèìåíÿåìûé äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ ñðåçó ïî ôèêñèðîâàííîé ïëîñêîñòè ïóòåì ïåðåìåùåíèÿ îäíîé ÷àñòè ñðåçíîé êîðîáêè îòíîñèòåëüíî äðóãîé
Methode des konsolidierten Schnittes
method consolidation cut off
méthode de consolidé cisiallement ìåòîä êîíñîëèäèðîâàííîãî ñðåçà
Èñïûòàíèå íà ñðåç ãðóíòà, ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî óïëîòíåííîãî âåðòèêàëüíîé íàãðóçêîé, ïðîâîäèìîå â óñëîâèÿõ äðåíèðîâàíèÿ ïóòåì ïîâûøåíèÿ ñðåçàþùåé íàãðóçêè ñ òàêîé ñêîðîñòüþ (ìåäëåííîå èñïûòàíèå), ïðè êîòîðîé îáåñïå÷èâàåòñÿ ïîëíàÿ êîíñîëèäàöèÿ ãðóíòà
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
4.28 ìåòîä íåêîíñîë³äîâàíîãî de çð³çó en
fr
ru
Âèïðîáóâàííÿ íà çð³ç ãðóíòó (áåç ïîïåðåäíüîãî óù³ëüíåííÿ), ÿêå ïðîâîäèòüñÿ â óìîâàõ (ïðàêòè÷íî) â³äñóòíîñò³ äðåíóâàííÿ øëÿõîì ïðèêëàäàííÿ âåðòèêàëüíîãî ³ çð³çàþ÷îãî íàâàíòàæåííÿ ç òàêîþ øâèäê³ñòþ (øâèäêå âèïðîáóâàííÿ), ïðè ÿê³é çàáåçïå÷óºòüñÿ ïðàêòè÷íà íåçì³íí³ñòü ïî÷àòêîâèõ çíà÷åíü ù³ëüíîñò³ ³ âîëîãîñò³ ãðóíòó
4.29 óù³ëüíåííÿ ãðóíòó ïîïåðåäíº de
en
fr
ru
Óù³ëüíåííÿ çàäàíèì âåðòèêàëüíèì íàâàíòàæåííÿì ãðóíòó äî ïîâíî¿ êîíñîë³äàö³¿, ÿêå âèïåðåäæຠâèïðîáóâàííÿ íà çð³ç
4.30 ñòàá³ë³çîâàíèé ñòàí de
en
fr
ru
Ñòàí ãðóíòó, ùî õàðàêòåðèçóºòüñÿ çàê³í÷åííÿì äåôîðìàö³¿ óù³ëüíåííÿ ï³ä ïåâíèì íàâàíòàæåííÿì ³ â³äñóòí³ñòþ íàäëèøêîâîãî òèñêó ó ïîðîâ³é âîä³
4.31 íåñòàá³ë³çîâàíèé ñòàí de
en
fr
ru
Methode des unkonsolidierten Schnittes method in non consolidation cut off méthode de ne consolidé cisiallement ìåòîä íåêîíñîëèäèðîâàííîãî ñðåçà
Èñïûòàíèå íà ñðåç ãðóíòà (áåç ïðåäâàðèòåëüíîãî óïëîòíåíèÿ), ïðîâîäèìîå â óñëîâèÿõ (ïðàêòè÷åñêè) îòñóòñòâèÿ äðåíèðîâàíèÿ ïóòåì ïðèëîæåíèÿ âåðòèêàëüíîé è ñðåçàþùåé íàãðóçêè ñ òàêîé ñêîðîñòüþ (áûñòðîå èñïûòàíèå), ïðè êîòîðîé îáåñïå÷èâàåòñÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêàÿ íåèçìåííîñòü íà÷àëüíûõ çíà÷åíèé ïëîòíîñòè è âëàæíîñòè ãðóíòà
vorläufige Bodendichtung
compaction ground preliminary
compactage du sol préliminaire
óïëîòíåíèå ãðóíòà ïðåäâàðèòåëüíîå
Óïëîòíåíèå çàäàííîé âåðòèêàëüíîé íàãðóçêîé ãðóíòà äî ïîëíîé êîíñîëèäàöèè, ïðåäøåñòâóþùåå èñïûòàíèþ íà ñðåç
Stabilzustand
stabilization state
stabiliser état
ñòàáèëèçèðîâàííîå ñîñòîÿíèå
Ñîñòîÿíèå ãðóíòà, õàðàêòåðèçóåìîå îêîí÷àíèåì äåôîðìàöèè óïëîòíåíèÿ ïîä îïðåäåëåííîé íàãðóçêîé è îòñóòñòâèåì èçáûòî÷íîãî äàâëåíèÿ â ïîðîâîé âîäå
unstabiler Zustand
in stabilization state
nestabiliser état íåñòàáèëèçèðîâàííîå ñîñòîÿíèå
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
Ñòàí ãðóíòó, ùî õàðàêòåðèçóºòüñÿ íåçàâåðøåí³ñòþ äåôîðìàö³é óù³ëüíåííÿ ï³ä ïåâíèì íàâàíòàæåííÿì ³ íàÿâí³ñòþ íàäëèøêîâîãî òèñêó ó ïîðîâ³é âîä³
4.32 êóò âíóòð³øíüîãî òåðòÿ de
ãðóíòó en
fr
ru
Êóò íàõèëó ïðÿìî¿ çàëåæíîñò³ îïîðó çð³çó ãðóíòó â³ä âåðòèêàëüíîãî íàâàíòàæåííÿ äî îñ³ àáñöèñ
4.33 âîëîã³ñòü íàáóõàííÿ (wÍ), de ÷àñòêè îäèíèö³ en
fr
ru
Âîëîã³ñòü, ÿêó îäåðæóþòü ï³ñëÿ çàâåðøåííÿ íàáóõàííÿ çðàçêà ãðóíòó, îáòèñêóâàíîãî â óìîâàõ, ÿê³ âèêëþ÷àþòü ìîæëèâ³ñòü áîêîâîãî ðîçøèðåííÿ, çàäàíèì òèñêîì
4.34 âîëîã³ñòü íà ãðàíèö³ çñ³äàííÿ de (W3), ÷àñòêè îäèíèö³
en
fr
ru
Âîëîã³ñòü ãðóíòó ó ìîìåíò ð³çêîãî çìåíøåííÿ çñ³äàííÿ, ÿêà âèçíà÷àºòüñÿ çà òî÷êîþ ïåðåòèíó êðèâî¿ ãðàô³êà çàëåæíîñò³ çì³íè îá'ºìó çðàçêà ãðóíòó (V) â³ä çì³íè âîëîãîñò³ (W) ïðè âèñèõàíí³
Ñîñòîÿíèå ãðóíòà, õàðàêòåðèçóåìîå íåçàâåðøåííîñòüþ äåôîðìàöèé óïëîòíåíèÿ ïîä îïðåäåëåííîé íàãðóçêîé è íàëè÷èåì èçáûòî÷íîãî äàâëåíèÿ â ïîðîâîé âîäå
Winkel der innerlichen Bodenreibung angle inside friction
angle de frottement intérieur
óãîë âíóòðåííåãî òðåíèÿ ãðóíòà
Óãîë íàêëîíà ïðÿìîé çàâèñèìîñòè ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ ñðåçó ãðóíòà îò âåðòèêàëüíîé íàãðóçêè ê îñè àáñöèññ
Feuchtigkeit des Schwellens humidity swelling
humidité de gonflement âëàæíîñòü íàáóõàíèÿ (wí), äîëè åäèíèöû
Âëàæíîñòü, ïîëó÷åííàÿ ïîñëå çàâåðøåíèÿ íàáóõàíèÿ îáðàçöà ãðóíòà, îáæèìàåìîãî â óñëîâèÿõ, èñêëþ÷àþùèõ âîçìîæíîñòü áîêîâîãî ðàñøèðåíèÿ, çàäàííûì äàâëåíèåì
Feuchtigkeit an der Grenze der
Schrumpfung
humidity on limit strinkage
humidité en limité retrait
âëàæíîñòü íà ïðåäåëå óñàäêè (Wy),
äîëè åäèíèöû
Âëàæíîñòü ãðóíòà â ìîìåíò ðåçêîãî óìåíüøåíèÿ óñàäêè, îïðåäåëÿåìàÿ ïî òî÷êå ïåðåãèáà êðèâîé ãðàôèêà çàâèñèìîñòè èçìåíåíèÿ îáúåìà îáðàçöà ãðóíòà (V) îò èçìåíåíèÿ âëàæíîñòè (W) ïðè âûñûõàíèè
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
4.35 òèñê íàáóõàíèÿ (Ðí), de
ÌÏà (êãñ/ñì2) en
fr
ru
Òèñê íà çðàçîê ãðóíòó, ÿêèé âèíèêຠïðè çàìî÷óâàíí³ ó ð³äèí³ ³ ñòèñíåíí³ â óìîâàì, ùî âèêëþ÷àþòü ìîæëèâ³ñòü áîêîâîãî ðîçøèðåííÿ, ïðè ÿêîìó äåôîðìàö³¿ íàáóõàííÿ àáî ñòèñ-íåíÿ ãðóíòó äîð³âíþþòü íóëþ
4.36 òèñê íà çðàçîê ãðóíòó (P), de ÌÏà (êãñ/ñì2 ) en
fr
ru
³äíîøåííÿ âåëè÷èíè íàâàíòàæåííÿ, ÿêó ïðèêëàäåíî ÷åðåç øòàìï ïðèëàäó, äî ïëîù³ øòàìïó
4.37 íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó de
en
fr
ru
1. Âëàñòèâ³ñòü ãëèíèñòîãî ãðóíòó çá³ëüøóâàòè ñâ³é îá'ºì ïðè âçàºìî䳿 éîãî ç âîäîþ àáî ³íøîþ ð³äèíîþ.
2. Ïðîöåñ çì³íè îá'ºìó ãðóíòó â ÷àñ³ ïðè éîãî âçàºìî䳿 ç âîäîþ àáî ³íøîþ ð³äèíîþ
4.38 íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó àáñîëþòíå de
en
fr
ru
Çá³ëüøåííÿ âèñîòè çðàçêà ãðóíòó â ïðîöåñ³ âèïðîáóâàííÿ ïðè âçàºìî䳿 ãðóíòó ç âîäîþ àáî ³íøîþ ð³äèíîþ
Druck des Schwellen
pressure swelling
pression de gonflement
äàâëåíèå íàáóõàíèÿ (Ðí), ÌÏà (êãñ/ñì2)
Äàâëåíèå íà îáðàçåö ãðóíòà, âîçíèêàþùåå ïðè çàìà÷èâàíèè æèäêîñòüþ è îáæàòèè â óñëîâèÿõ, èñêëþ÷àþùèõ âîçìîæíîñòü áîêîâîãî ðàñøèðåíèÿ, ïðè êîòîðîì äåôîðìàöèè íàáóõàíèÿ èëè ñæàòèÿ ðàâíû íóëþ
Druck auf das Muster des Bodens pressure on standart ground
pression sur le éprouvette de terrain
äàâëåíèå íà îáðàçåö ãðóíòà (Ð), ÌÏà (êãñ/ñì2 )
Îòíîøåíèå âåëè÷èíû íàãðóçêè, ïðèëîæåííîé ÷åðåç øòàìï ïðèáîðà, ê ïëîùàäè øòàìïà
Schwellen des Bodens
swell ground
gonflement de sol íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà
1. Ñâîéñòâî ãðóíòà óâåëè÷èâàòü ñâîé îáúåì ïðè âçàèìîäåéñòâèè ñ âîäîé èëè äðóãîé æèäêîñòüþ.
2. Ïðîöåññ èçìåíåíèÿ îáúåìà âî âðåìåíè ïðè âçàèìîäåéñòâèè åãî ñ âîäîé èëè äðóãîé æèäêîñòüþ
absolutes Bodenschwellen
swell ground absolute
gonflement de sol absolu íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà àáñîëþòíîå
Óâåëè÷åíèå âûñîòû îáðàçöà ãðóíòà â ïðîöåññå èñïûòàíèé ïðè âçàèìîäåéñòâèè ãðóíòà ñ âîäîé èëè äðóãîé æèäêîñòüþ
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
4.39 íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó â³äíîñíå de
en
fr
ru
³äíîøåííÿ àáñîëþòíîãî íàáóõàííÿ äî ïî÷àòêîâî¿ âèñîòè çðàçêà ãðóíòó
4.40 íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó ï³ä íàâàí- de òàæåííÿì, ÷àñòêè îäèíèö³ en
fr
ru
³äíîñíå íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó ïðè äàíîìó òèñêó íà çðàçîê
4.41 íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó â³ëüíå, de ÷àñòêè îäèíèö³ en
fr
ru
³äíîñíå íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó, îäåðæàíå ó ïðèëàäàõ òèïó ÏÍÃ, êîëè òèñêîì â³ä ìàñè øòàìïà ³ âèì³ðþâàëüíîãî îáëàäíàííÿ, ÿêùî â³í íå ïåðåâèùóº 0,006 ÌÏà (0,06 êãñ/ñì2), íåõòóþòü
4.42 ñòóï³íü òèñêó íà çðàçîê de ãðóíòó en
fr
ru
Âåëè÷èíà ïðèðîñòó òèñêó ïðè
ïåðåäà÷³ íàâàíòàæåííÿ ÷åðåç øòàìï íà çðàçîê ãðóíòó ï³ä ÷àñ âèïðîáóâàíü
4.43 çñ³äàííÿ ãðóíòó de
en
fr
ru
relatives Bodenschwellen
swell ground relative
gonflement de sol relatif
íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà îòíîñèòåëüíîå
Îòíîøåíèå àáñîëþòíîãî íàáóõàíèÿ ê íà÷àëüíîé âûñîòå îáðàçöà ãðóíòà
Bodenschwellen unter dem Beladen swell ground unter boading gonflement de sol sous chargé íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà ïîä íàãðóçêîé, äîëè åäèíèöû
Îòíîñèòåëüíîå íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà ïðè äàííîì äàâëåíèè íà îáðàçåö
freies Bodenschwellen swell ground free gonflement libre
íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà ñâîáîäíîå, äîëè åäèíèöû
Îòíîñèòåëüíîå íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà, ïîëó÷åííîå â ïðèáîðàõ òèïà ÏÍÃ, êîãäà äàâëåíèåì îò ìàññû øòàìïà è èçìåðèòåëüíîãî îáîðóäîâàíèÿ, íå ïðåâûøàþùåì 0,006 ÌÏà (0,06 êãñ/ñì2) ïðèíåáðåãàþò
Druckstufe auf den Bodenmuster stage pressure an standart ground degré de pression sur le eprouvette de sol
ñòóïåíü äàâëåíèÿ íà îáðàçåö ãðóíòà
Âåëè÷èíà ïðèðàùåíèÿ äàâëåíèÿ ïðè ïåðåäà÷å íàãðóçêè ÷åðåç øòàìï íà îáðàçåö ãðóíòà âî âðåìÿ èñïûòàíèé
Bodensenkung shrinkage qround retrait du terrain óñàäêà ãðóíòà
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
1. Âëàñòèâ³ñòü ãëèíèñòîãî ãðóíòó çìåíøóâàòè ñâ³é îá'ºì ïðè âèïàðîâóâàíí³ ç íüîãî âîëîãè
2. Ïðîöåñ çì³íè ë³í³éíèõ ðîçì³ð³â ³ îá'ºìó çðàçêà ãðóíòó â ÷àñ³ ïðè âèïàðîâóâàíí³ ç íüîãî âîëîãè
4.44 çñ³äàííÿ ãðóíòó àáñîëþòíå çà: de âèñîòîþ, ä³àìåòðîì, îá'ºìîì en
fr
ru
Çìåíøåííÿ âèñîòè (h), ä³àìåòðà (d), îá'ºìó (V) çðàçêà ãðóíòó ï³ä ÷àñ âèïðîáóâàíü
4.45 çñ³äàííÿ ãðóíòó â³äíîñíå çà: de âèñîòîþ (h), ä³àìåòðîì (d), en îá'ºìîì (V) fr
ru
³äíîøåííÿ àáñîëþòíîãî çñ³äàííÿ çðàçêà ãðóíòó çà âèñîòîþ, ä³àìåòðîì, îá'ºìîì äî ¿õ ïî÷àòêîâèõ ðîçì³ð³â â³äïîâ³äíî
4.46 òèñê ïî÷àòêîâèé ïðîñ³äàþ÷èé de
en
fr
ru
̳í³ìàëüíèé òèñê, ïðè ÿêîìó ïðîÿâëÿþòüñÿ ïðîñ³äàþ÷³ âëàñòèâîñò³ ãðóíòó ïðè éîãî ïîâíîìó âîäîíàñè÷åíí³
4.47 ïðîñ³äàííÿ â³äíîñíå de
en
fr
ru
1. Ñâîéñòâî ãëèíèñòîãî ãðóíòà óìåíüøàòü ñâîé îáúåì ïðè èñïàðåíèè èç íåãî âëàãè
2. Ïðîöåññ èçìåíåíèÿ ëèíåéíûõ ðàçìåðîâ è îáúåìà îáðàçöà ãðóíòà âî âðåìåíè ïðè èñïàðåíèè èç íåãî âëàãè
absolute Bodensenkung
shrinkage ground absolute
retrait du terrain absolu
óñàäêà ãðóíòà àáñîëþòíàÿ ïî:
âûñîòå, äèàìåòðó, îáúåìó
Óìåíüøåíèå âûñîòû (h), äèàìåòðà (d), îáúåìà (V) îáðàçöà ãðóíòà âî âðåìÿ èñïûòàíèé
relative Bodensenkung
shrinkage ground relative
retrait du terrain relatif
óñàäêà ãðóíòà îòíîñèòåëüíàÿ ïî:
âûñîòå (h), äèàìåòðó (d), îáúåìó (V)
Îòíîøåíèå àáñîëþòíîé óñàäêè îáðàçöà ãðóíòà ïî âûñîòå, äèàìåòðó, îáúåìó ê èõ ïåðâîíà÷àëüíûì ðàçìåðàì ñîîòâåòñòâåííî
senkender Anfangsdruk
pressure elementary
pression de initiale affaissemente äàâëåíèå íà÷àëüíîå ïðîñàäî÷íîå
Ìèíèìàëüíîå äàâëåíèå, ïðè êîòîðîì ïðîÿâëÿþòñÿ ïðîñàäî÷íûå ñâîéñòâà ãðóíòà ïðè åãî ïîëíîì âîäîíàñûùåíèè
relative Senkung
sagging relative
affaissement relatif ïðîñàäî÷íîñòü îòíîñèòåëüíàÿ
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
³äíîøåííÿ äîäàòêîâîãî çìåíøåííÿ âèñîòè çðàçêà ãðóíòó âíàñë³äîê éîãî çàìî÷óâàííÿ ïðè ïåâíîìó âåðòèêàëüíîìó òèñêó äî âèñîòè çðàçêà ç ïðèðîäíîþ âîëîã³ñòþ ïðè ïðèðîäíîìó òèñêó íà ãëèáèí³ â³äáîðó çðàçêà
4.48 ñòèñíåííÿ çðàçêà ãðóíòó de àáñîëþòíå
en fr
ru
Çìåíøåííÿ ïî÷àòêîâî¿ âèñîòè çðàçêà âíàñë³äîê óù³ëüíåííÿ ïðè ïåâíîìó âåðòèêàëüíîìó òèñêó
4.49 ñòèñíåííÿ çðàçêà ãðóíòó de â³äíîñíå
en
fr
ru
³äíîøåííÿ àáñîëþòíîãî ñòèñíåííÿ äî âèñîòè çðàçêà ç ïðèðîäíîþ âîëîã³ñòþ ïðè ïðèðîä-íüîìó òèñêó íà ãëèáèí³ â³äáîðó çðàçêà
4.50 ñòàá³ë³çàö³ÿ îñ³äàííÿ çðàçêà de ãðóíòó óìîâíà
en
fr
ru
Îòíîøåíèå äîïîëíèòåëüíîãî óìåíüøåíèÿ âûñîòû îáðàçöà ãðóíòà â ðåçóëüòàòå åãî çàìà÷èâàíèÿ ïðè îïðåäåëåííîì âåðòèêàëüíîì äàâëåíèè ê âûñîòå îáðàçöà ñ ïðèðîäíîé âëàæíîñòüþ ïðè ïðèðîäíîì äàâëåíèè íà ãëóáèíå îòáîðà îáðàçöà
absolutes Zusammenpressen des Bodenmusters
contensed standart ground absolute compressibilitéede eprouvette de terrain absolu
ñæàòèå îáðàçöà ãðóíòà àáñîëþòíîå
Óìåíüøåíèå ïåðâîíà÷àëüíîé âûñîòû îáðàçöà â ðåçóëüòàòå óïëîòíåíèÿ ïðè îïðåäåëåííîì âåðòèêàëüíîì äàâëåíèè
relatives Zuzammenpressen des
Bodenmusters
contensed standart ground relative
compressibilité de eprouvette de
terrain relatif
ñæàòèå îáðàçöà ãðóíòà
îòíîñèòåëüíîå
Îòíîøåíèå àáñîëþòíîãî ñæàòèÿ ê âûñîòå îáðàçöà ñ ïðèðîäíîé âëàæíîñòüþ ïðè ïðèðîäíîì äàâëåíèè íà ãëóáèíå îòáîðà îáðàçöà
bedingte Stabilisierung des
Bodenmusters
stabilization shrinkage standart
condition
stabilisation de retrait de eprouvette
convenu
ñòàáèëèçàöèÿ îñàäêè îáðàçöà
ãðóíòà óñëîâíàÿ
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
Ïðèðîùåííÿ âåëè÷èíè îñ³äàííÿ çðàçêà ãðóíòó â ÷àñ³, ùî õàðàêòåðèçóº ïðàêòè÷íå çàòóõàííÿ äîäàòêîâî¿ äåôîðìàö³¿ â³ä çàìî÷óâàííÿ (ïðîñ³äàííÿ)
4.51 ñòóï³íü òèñêó de
en
fr
ru
Âåëè÷èíà çá³ëüøåííÿ òèñêó ïðè ïåðåäàâàíí³ íàâàíòàæåííÿ ÷åðåç øòàìï íà çðàçîê ãðóíòó
4.52 ãðàíóëîìåòðè÷íèé ñêëàä de ãðóíòó en
fr
ru
Âì³ñò çà ìàñîþ ãðóï ÷àñòèíîê (ôðàêö³é) ãðóíòó ð³çíî¿ âåëè÷èíè ïî â³äíîøåííþ äî çàãàëüíî¿ ìàñè àáñîëþòíî ñóõîãî ãðóíòó
4.53 ïîâ³òðÿíî-ñóõèé ñòàí ãðóíòó de
en
fr
ru
Ñòàí ãðóíòó, âèñóøåíîãî íà ïîâ³òð³
4.54 ãðàíè÷íî ïóõêèé ñòàí ãðóíòó de
en
fr
ru
Ñòàí ãðóíòó ïðè ì³í³ìàëüí³é ù³ëüíîñò³
4.55 ãðàíè÷íî ù³ëüíèé ñòàí ãðóíòó de
en
fr
ru
Ñòàí ãðóíòó ïðè ìàêñèìàëüí³é ù³ëüíîñò³
Ïðèðàùåíèå âåëè÷èíû îñàäêè îáðàçöà ãðóíòà âî âðåìåíè,õàðàêòåðèçóþùåå ïðàêòè÷åñêîå çàòóõàíèå äîïîëíèòåëüíîé äåôîðìàöèè îò çàìà÷èâàíèÿ(ïðîñàäêè)
Druckstufe
stade pressure
degré de pression ñòóïåíü äàâëåíèÿ
Âåëè÷èíà ïðèðàùåíèÿ äàâëåíèÿ ïðè ïåðåäà÷å íàãðóçêè ÷åðåç øòàìï íà îáðàçåö ãðóíòà
Kornzusammensetzunq des Bodens qradinq ground
granulométrigue composition de terrain ãðàíóëîìåòðè÷åñêèé ñîñòàâ ãðóíòà
Ñîäåðæàíèå ïî ìàññå ãðóïï ÷àñòèö (ôðàêöèé) ãðóíòà ðàçëè÷íîé êðóïíîñòè ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê îáùåé ìàññå àáñîëþòíî ñóõîãî ãðóíòà
dürrer Luftbodenzustand
air-dru state ground
sec a l'air état du terrain
âîçäóøíî-ñóõîå ñîñòîÿíèå ãðóíòà
Ñîñòîÿíèå ãðóíòà, âûñóøåííîãî íà âîçäóõå
locker Grenzbodenzustand
maximum-friable state ground maximum-meuble état de terrain ïðåäåëüíî ðûõëîå ñîñòîÿíèå ãðóíòà
Ñîñòîÿíèå ãðóíòà ïðè ìèíèìàëüíîé ïëîòíîñòè
dichter Grenzbodenzustand
maximum-compact state ground maximum-compact etat terrain ïðåäåëüíî ïëîòíîå ñîñòîÿíèå ãðóíòà
Ñîñòîÿíèå ãðóíòà ïðè ìàêñèìàëüíîé ïëîòíîñòè
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
4.56 ì³êðîàãðåãàòíèé ñêëàä ãðóíòó de
en
fr
ru
Âì³ñò çà ìàñîþ âîäîñò³éêèõ ì³êðîàãðåãàò³â ð³çíî¿ êðóïíîñò³ ïî â³äíîøåííþ äî çàãàëüíî¿ ìàñè àáñîëþòíî ñóõîãî ãðóíòó
4.57 ìàñà ãðóíòó de
en
fr
ru
Âëàñòèâ³ñòü ò³ëà àáî ðå÷îâèíè, ùî õàðàêòåðèçóº ¿õ ³íåðö³éí³ñòü ³ çäàòí³ñòü ñòâîðþâàòè ãðàâ³òàö³éíå ïîëå
(ñêàëÿðíà âåëè÷èíà)
4.58 êîåô³ö³ºíò ïîðèñòîñò³ de
en
fr
ru
³äíîøåííÿ îá'ºìó ïîð äî îá'ºìó òâåðäèõ ÷àñòî÷îê ãðóíòó
Mikroaggregatzustand des Bodens micro unit composition ground microagregat composition de terrain ìèêðîàãðåãàòíûé ñîñòàâ ãðóíòà
Ñîäåðæàíèå ïî ìàññå âîäîñòîéêèõ ìèêðîàãðåãàòîâ ðàçëè÷íîé êðóïíîñòè ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê îáùåé ìàññå àáñîëþòíî ñóõîãî ãðóíòà
Masse des Bodens
mass ground
masse de terrain
ìàññà ãðóíòà
Ñâîéñòâî òåëà èëè âåùåñòâà, õàðàêòåðèçóþùåå èõ èíåðöèîííîñòü è ñïîñîáíîñòü ñîçäàâàòü ãðàâèòàöèîííîå ïîëå
(ñêàëÿðíàÿ âåëè÷èíà)
Koeffizient der Porosität
coefficient porosity
coefficient de porosité
êîåôôèöèåíò ïîðèñòîñòè
Îòíîøåíèå îáúåìà ïîð ê îáúåìó òâåðäûõ ÷àñòèö ãðóíòà
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
5 ÌÅÒÎÄÈ ÏÎËÜÎÂÎÃÎ ÂÈÇÍÀ×ÅÍÍß ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊ ÃÐÓÍÒ²Â
5.1 ö³ëèê ãðóíòó de
en
fr
ru
×àñòèíà ãðóíòó íåïîðóøåíîãî ñêëàäàííÿ öèë³íäðè÷íî¿ ôîðìè, ùî âèð³çàíà (ðîçêðèòà ïî áîêîâ³é ïîâåðõí³) â ìàñèâ³ òà ç'ºäíàíà ç íèì ïî ïëîùèí³ îñíîâè
5.2 ñòàòè÷íå çîíäóâàííÿ de
en
fr
ru
Ïðîöåñc çàíóðåííÿ çîíäà â ãðóíò ñòàòè÷íèì âäàâëþþ÷èì íàâàíòàæåííÿì ç âèì³ðþâàííÿì ïîêàçíèê³â îïîðó ãðóíòó
5.3 òî÷êà âèïðîáóâàíü de (çîíäóâàííÿ) en
fr
ru
Ïóíêò (òî÷êà), â ÿêîìó ïëàíóºòüñÿ àáî ïðîâåäåíî âèïðîáóâàííÿ ãðóíò³â
5.4 çîíä de
en
fr
ru
Îáëàäíàííÿ, ÿêå ñïðèéìຠîï³ð ãðóíòó â ïðîöåñ³ âäàâëþâàííÿ
5.5 âèì³ðþâàëüíå îáëàäíàííÿ de
en
fr
ru
Bodenpfeiler
dumplinq ground
massif de terrain
öåëèê ãðóíòà
×àñòü ãðóíòà íåíàðóøåííîãî ñëîæåíèÿ öèëèíäðè÷åñêîé ôîðìû, âûðåçàííàÿ (îáíàæåííàÿ ïî áîêîâîé ïîâåðõíîñòè) â ìàññèâå è ñîåäèíÿþùàÿñÿ ñ íèì ïî ïëîñêîñòè îñíîâàíèÿ
statisches Sondieren
static explore
statique sondage
ñòàòè÷åñêîå çîíäèðîâàíèå
Ïðîöåññ ïîãðóæåíèÿ çîíäà â ãðóíò ñòàòè÷åñêîé âäàâëèâàþùåé íàãðóçêîé ñ èçìåðåíèåì ïîêàçàòåëåé ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ ãðóíòà
Punkt der Probe (Sondieren)
point test (explore)
point de essai (sondage)
òî÷êà èñïûòàíèé (çîíäèðîâàíèÿ)
Ïóíêò (òî÷êà), â êîòîðîé ïëàíèðóåòñÿ èëè ïðîâåäåíî èñïûòàíèå ãðóíòîâ
Sonde
probe
sonde
çîíä
Óñòðîéñòâî, âîñïðèíèìàþùåå ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ãðóíòà â ïðîöåññå âäàâëèâàíèÿ
Meßgerät
measiring instrument
instrument de précision
èçìåðèòåëüíîå óñòðîéñòâî
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
Îáëàäíàííÿ, ÿêå ïåðåòâîðþº îï³ð ãðóíòó â ìåõàí³÷íèé àáî åëåêòðè÷íèé ñèãíàë
5.6 ïèòîìèé îï³ð ãðóíòó ï³ä íàêî- de íå÷íèêîì (êîíóñîì) çîíäà
en
fr
ru
Îï³ð ãðóíòó íàêîíå÷íèêó (êîíóñó) çîíäà, â³äíåñåíîãî äî ïëîù³ îñíîâè íàêîíå÷íèêà (êîíóñà) çîíäà
5.7 ìàñèâ ãðóíòó de
en
fr
ru
Âèçíà÷åíèé îá'ºì ãðóíòó ïðèðîäíîãî ñòàíó, ïðèçíà÷åíèé äëÿ âèïðîáóâàíü íà çð³ç áåç áóð³ííÿ ñâåðäëîâèí òà ïðîõîäêè ã³ðñüêèõ âèðîáîê
5.8 íîðìàëüíèé òèñê íà ãðóíò (P) de
en
fr
ru
Òèñê íà ãðóíò, ùî ïðèêëàäàþòü ïåðïåíäèêóëÿðíî ïëîùèí³ çð³çó
5.9 ç÷åïëåííÿ ãðóíòó ïèòîìå (Ñ) de
en
fr
ru
Ïîêàçíèê ç÷åïëåííÿ ãðóíòó, ùî ÷èñåëüíî äîð³âíþº ïî÷àòêîâ³é ïîçèòèâí³é îðäèíàò³ ïðÿìîë³í³éíîãî ãðàô³êà çàëåæíîñò³ îïîðó ãðóíòó çð³çó (îðäèíàòà) â³ä íîðìàëüíîãî òèñêó (àáñöèñà)
Óñòðîéñòâî, ïðåîáðàçóþùåå ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ãðóíòà â ìåõàíè÷åñêèé èëè åëåêòðè÷åñêèé ñèãíàë
spezifischer Widerstand des Bodens unter der Spitze (Kegel) der Sonde spesifi resistance ground unter point (cone) probe
specifique résistance du terrain sous canule (cone) du sonde
óäåëüíîå ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ãðóíòà ïîä íàêîíå÷íèêîì (êîíóñîì) çîíäà
Ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ãðóíòà íàêîíå÷íèêó (êîíóñó) çîíäà, îòíåñåííîå ê ïëîùàäè îñíîâàíèÿ íàêîíå÷íèêà (êîíóñà) çîíäà
Bodenmassiv
massif ground
massif du terrain ìàññèâ ãðóíòà
Îïðåäåëåííûé îáúåì ãðóíòà ïðèðîäíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûé äëÿ èñïûòàíèÿ íà ñðåç áåç áóðåíèÿ ñêâàæèí è ïðîõîäêè ãîðíûõ âûðàáîòîê
normaler Druck auf den Boden normal pressure on ground
normal pression sur le terrain íîðìàëüíîå äàâëåíèå íà ãðóíò (Ð)
Äàâëåíèå íà ãðóíò, ïðèëîæåííîå ïåðïåíäèêóëÿðíî ïëîñêîñòè ñðåçà
spezifischer Zusammenhalt des Bodens couple ground specific
adhérente du terrain srecifique ñöåïëåíèå ãðóíòà óäåëüíîå (Ñ)
Ïîêàçàòåëü ñöåïëåíèÿ ãðóíòà, ÷èñëåííî ðàâíûé íà÷àëüíîé ïîëîæèòåëüíîé îðäèíàòå ïðÿìîëèíåéíîãî ãðàôèêà çàâèñèìîñòè ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ ãðóíòà ñðåçó (îðäèíàòà) îò íîðìàëüíîãî äàâëåíèÿ (àáñöèñà)
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
5.10 ïîêàçíèê ñòðóêòóðíî¿ ì³öíîñò³ de ãðóíòó ïðè çð³ç³ (Ïñòð.)
en
fr
ru
Ïîêàçíèê õàðàêòåðó ñòðóêòóðíèõ çâ'ÿçê³â ó ãðóíò³, ùî ÷èñåëüíî äîð³âíþº â³äíîøåííþ âåëè÷èíè ìàêñèìàëüíîãî òà óñòàëåíîãî îïîðó ãðóíòó çð³çó
5.11 ìåòîä îáåðòàëüíîãî çð³çó de
en
fr
ru
Âèïðîáóâàííÿ íà çð³ç ãðóíòó, ùî ïðîâîäèòüñÿ â óìîâàõ ïðàêòè÷íî¿ â³äñóòíîñò³ äðåíóâàííÿ øëÿõîì ïðèêëàäàííÿ ãîðèçîíòàëüíîãî çð³çàþ÷îãî (äîòè÷íîãî) íàâàíòàæåííÿ òà çì³ùåííÿ ãðóíòó ïî öèë³íäðè÷í³é ïîâåðõí³, ÿêà óòâîðþòüñÿ îáåðòàííÿì êðèëü÷àòêè (ðîáî÷èé íàêîíå÷íèê, ñêëàäåíèé ç 4-õ òîíêèõ ïðÿìîêóòíèõ ïîçäîâæí³õ ëîïàòåé) íèæ÷å çàáîþ ñâåðäëîâèíè àáî â ìàñèâ³
5.12 ìåòîä ê³ëüöåâîãî çð³çó de
en
fr
ru
Kennziffer der Strukturhaltbarkeit des
Bodens unter dem Schnitt
index strukture durability ground in
cut off
indice de structure résistace de
terrain a la lisaillement
ïîêàçàòåëü ñòðóêòóðíîé ïðî÷íîñòè
ãðóíòà ïðè ñðåçå (Ïñòð.)
Ïîêàçàòåëü õàðàêòåðà ñòðóêòóðíûõ ñâÿçåé â ãðóíòå, ÷èñëåííî ðàâíûé îòíîøåíèþ âåëè÷èí ìàêñèìàëüíîãî è óñòàíîâèâøåãîñÿ ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ ãðóíòà ñðåçó
Methode des Drehschnittes method rotatory cut off
méthode de rotatoire lisaillement ìåòîä âðàùàòåëüíîãî ñðåçà
Èñïûòàíèå íà ñðåç ãðóíòà, ïðîâîäèìîå â óñëîâèÿõ ïðàêòè÷åñêîãî îòñóòñòâèÿ äðåíèðîâàíèÿ ïóòåì ïðèëîæåíèÿ ãîðèçîíòàëüíîé ñðåçàþùåé (êàñàòåëüíîé) íàãðóçêè è ñìåùåíèå ãðóíòà ïî öèëèíäðè÷åñêîé ïîâåðõíîñòè, îáðàçóåìîé âðàùåíèåì êðûëü÷àòêè (ðàáî÷èé íàêîíå÷íèê, ñîñòîÿùèé èç 4-õ òîíêèõ ïðÿìîóãîëüíûõ ïðîäîëüíûõ ëîïàñòåé) íèæå çàáîÿ ñêâàæèíû èëè â ìàññèâå
Methode des Ringschnittes method annular cut off
méthode de circulaire lisaillement ìåòîä êîëüöåâîãî ñðåçà
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
Âèïðîáóâàííÿ íà çð³ç ãðóíòó, ïîïåðåäíüî óù³ëüíåíîãî àáî íåóù³ëüíåíîãî íîðìàëüíèì òèñêîì, ÿêå âïðîâàäæóºòüñÿ øëÿõîì ïðèêëàäàííÿ ãîðèçîíòàëüíîãî çð³çàþ÷îãî (äîòè÷íîãî) íàâàíòàæåííÿ òà çì³ùåííÿ ãðóíòó ïî öèë³íäðè÷í³é ïîâåðõí³, ÿêà óòâîðþºòüñÿ ó ñâåðäëîâèí³ îáåðòîì ðîáî÷îãî íàêîíå÷íèêà ç ïîçäîâæí³ìè ëîïàñòÿìè
Èñïûòàíèå íà ñðåç ãðóíòà, ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî óïëîòíåííîãî èëè íåóïëîòíåííîãî íîðìàëüíûì äàâëåíèåì, ïðîâîäèìîå ïóòåì ïðèëîæåíèÿ ãîðèçîíòàëüíîé ñðåçàþùåé (êàñàòåëüíîé) íàãðóçêè è ñìåùåíèÿ ãðóíòà ïî öèëèíäðè÷åñêîé ïîâåðõíîñòè, îáðàçóåìîé â ñêâàæèíå âðàùåíèåì ðàáî÷åãî íàêîíå÷íèêà ñ ïðîäîëüíûìè ëîïàñòÿìè
5.13 ìåòîä ïîñòóïîâîãî çð³çó de
en
fr
ru
Âèïðîáóâàííÿ íà çð³ç ãðóíòó, ïîïåðåäíüî óù³ëüíåíîãî àáî íåóù³ëüíåíîãî íîðìàëüíèì òèñêîì, ùî âïðîâàäæóºòüñÿ øëÿõîì ïðèêëàäàííÿ âåðòèêàëüíîãî çð³çàþ÷îãî (äîòè÷íîãî) íàâàíòàæåííÿ òà çì³ùåííÿ ãðóíòó ïî áîêîâ³é ïîâåðõí³, ÿêà óòâîðþºòüñÿ ó ñâåðäëîâèí³ âåðòèêàëüíèì ïåðåì³ùåííÿì ðîáî÷îãî íàêîíå÷íèêà ³ç ïîïåðå÷íèìè ëîïàñòÿìè
5.14 ïðîíèêí³ñòü de
en
fr
ru
Âëàñòèâ³ñòü (çäàòí³ñòü) ãðóíòó ïðîïóñêàòè ð³äèíó àáî ãàç ï³ä 䳺þ òèñêó ÷è íàïîðó
5.15 âîäîïðîíèêí³ñòü de
en
fr
ru
Ïðîíèêí³ñòü ãðóíòó äëÿ âîäè
Methode des Vonwärtsschittes method progressive cut off méthode de progressif lisaillement ìåòîä ïîñòóïàòåëüíîãî ñðåçà
Èñïûòàíèå íà ñðåç ãðóíòà, ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî óïëîòíåííîãî èëè íåóïëîòíåííîãî íîðìàëüíûì äàâëåíèåì, ïðîâîäèìîå ïóòåì ïðèëîæåíèÿ âåðòèêàëüíîé ñðåçàþùåé (êàñàòåëüíîé) íàãðóçêè è ñìåùåíèÿ ãðóíòà ïî áîêîâîé ïîâåðõíîñòè, îáðàçóåìîé â ñêâàæèíå âåðòèêàëüíûì ïåðåìåùåíèåì ðàáî÷åãî íàêîíå÷íèêà ñ ïîïåðå÷íûìè ëîïàñòÿìè
Durchlässigkeit permeability perspicacité ïðîíèöàåìîñòü
Ñâîéñòâî (ñïîñîáíîñòü) ãðóíòà ïðîïóñêàòü æèäêîñòü èëè ãàç ïîä äåéñòâèåì äàâëåíèÿ èëè íàïîðà
Wasserdurchlässigkeit permeable to water perméabilité de eau âîäîïðîíèöàåìîñòü
Ïðîíèöàåìîñòü ãðóíòà äëÿ âîäû
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
5.16 êîåô³ö³ºíò â³äòàâàííÿ de òà ñòèñêóâàííÿ
en
fr
ru
Õàðàêòåðèñòèêè äåôîðìàö³é ðîçìîðîæóâàëüíîãî ãðóíòó
5.17 òèñê ïðèðîäíèé ó ãðóíò³ de
en
fr
ru
Âåðòèêàëüíèé òèñê ó ìàñèâ³ ãðóíò³â íà äàí³é ãëèáèí³, çàëåæíèé â³ä âàãè âèùå ëåæà÷èõ øàð³â ãðóíòó
5.18 óìîâíà ñòàá³ë³çàö³ÿ îñ³äàííÿ de
en
fr
ru
Ïðèðîùóâàííÿ âåëè÷èíè îñ³äàííÿ øòàìïà â ÷àñ³, ÿêå õàðàêòåðèçóº ïðàêòè÷íå çàòóõàííÿ äåôîðìàö³é ãðóíòó â îñíîâ³ øòàìïà
5.19 ÷àøà â³äòàâàííÿ de
en
fr
ru
Êîíòóð (îá'ºì) â³äòàëîãî ï³ä øòàìïîì ãðóíòó
5.20 øàð ñåçîííîãî â³äòàâàííÿ de
en
fr
ru
Ïîâåðõíåâèé øàð ãðóíòó, ùî ðîçìåðçàºòüñÿ â ïåð³îä ïëþñîâèõ òåìïåðàòóð ïîâ³òðÿ ³ ï³äñòåëåíèé â³÷íîìåðçëèì ãðóíòîì
Koeffizient der Abtauens und der Kompressionsfähigkeit
coefficient thaw out and condensability coefficient de dégèlement et compressibilité
êîýôôèöèåíò îòòàèâàíèÿ è ñæèìàåìîñòè
Õàðàêòåðèñòèêè äåôîðìàöèé îòòàèâàþùåãî ãðóíòà
natürlicher Druck im Boden pressure natural in ground
pression naturel dans terrain äàâëåíèå ïðèðîäíîå â ãðóíòå
Âåðòèêàëüíîå äàâëåíèå â ìàññèâå ãðóíòîâ íà äàííîé ãëóáèíå, çàâèñèìîå îò âåñà âûøå ëåæàùèõ ñëîåâ ãðóíòà
bedingte Stabilisierung der Senkung
conditional stabilisation shrinkage
conditionnel stabilisation
de affaissement
óñëîâíàÿ ñòàáèëèçàöèÿ îñàäêè
Ïðèðàùåíèå âåëè÷èíû îñàäêè øòàìïà âî âðåìåíè, õàðàêòåðèçóþùåå ïðàêòè÷åñêîå çàòóõàíèå äåôîðìàöèé ãðóíòà â îñíîâàíèè øòàìïà
Becher des Abtauens cup thaw aut
coupe de dégèlement
÷àøà îòòàèâàíèÿ
Êîíòóð (îáúåì) îòòàÿâøåãî ïîä øòàìïîì ãðóíòà
Schicht des Saisonabtauens stratum seasonal thaw aut couche de saison dégèlement ñëîé ñåçîííîãî îòòàèâàíèÿ
Ïîâåðõíîñòíûé ñëîé ãðóíòà, îòòàèâàþùèé â ïåðèîä ïëþñîâûõ òåìïåðàòóð âîçäóõà è ïîäñòèëàåìûé âå÷íîìåðçëûì ãðóíòîì
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
5.21 ãëèáèíà ñåçîííîãî â³äòàâàííÿ de
en
fr
ru
Íàéá³ëüøà ãëèáèíà ñåçîííîãî â³äòàâàííÿ çà ð³ê
5.22 ãëèáèíà â³äòàâàííÿ de
en
fr
ru
Ãëèáèíà øàðó ñåçîííîãî â³äòàâàííÿ ï³ä ÷àñ âèì³ðþâàíü
5.23 òåïëîïðîâ³äí³ñòü ãðóíòó de
en
fr
ru
Òåïëîô³çè÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ãðóíòó, ùî âèçíà÷ຠéîãî âëàñòèâ³ñòü ïðîâîäèòè òåïëî òà ÷èñåëüíî äîð³âíþº ù³ëüíîñò³ òåïëîâîãî ïîòîêó â íüîìó ïðè ãðà䳺íò³ òåìïåðàòóð, ùî äîð³âíþº îäèíèö³
5.24 ìåòîä ñòàö³îíàðíîãî de òåïëîâîãî ðåæèìó
en
fr
ru
Ìåòîä âèçíà÷åííÿ òåïëîïðîâ³äíîñò³ ãðóíòó çà âèì³ðÿíèì ïðè âèïðîáîâóâàíí³ óñòàëåíèì (íåçì³ííèì â ÷àñ³) òåïëîâèì ïîòîêîì ÷åðåç äîñë³äæóâàíèé çðàçîê ïðè
ïîñò³éíèõ òåìïåðàòóðàõ òà éîãî ïðîòèëåæíèõ ïîâåðõíÿõ
Tiefe des Saisonabtauens
depth seasonal thaw aut profondeur de saison dégèlement ãëóáèíà ñåçîííîãî îòòàèâàíèÿ
Íàèáîëüøàÿ ãëóáèíà ñåçîííîãî îòòàèâàíèÿ çà ãîä
Tiefe des Abtauens
depth thow aut
profondeur de dégèlement
ãëóáèíà îòòàèâàíèÿ
Ãëóáèíà ñëîÿ ñåçîííîãî îòòàèâàíèÿ â ìîìåíò èçìåðåíèé
Wärmeleitung des Bodens
neat conductibility ground conductibilité de terrain òåïëîïðîâîäíîñòü ãðóíòà
Òåïëîôèçè÷åñêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ãðóíòà, îïðåäåëÿþùàÿ åãî ñïîñîáíîñòü ïðîâîäèòü òåïëî è ÷èñëåííî ðàâíàÿ ïëîòíîñòè òåïëîâîãî ïîòîêà â íåì ïðè ãðàäèåíòå òåìïåðàòóð ðàâíîì åäèíèöå
Methode des stationären
Wärmeregimes
method stationary thermal regime
méthode de stationaire thermique
régime
ìåòîä ñòàöèîíàðíîãî òåïëîâîãî
ðåæèìà
Ìåòîä îïðåäåëåíèÿ òåïëîïðîâîäíîñòè ãðóíòà ïî èçìåðåííîìó ïðè èñïûòàíèè óñòàíîâèâøåìóñÿ (íåèçìåííîìó âî âðåìåíè) òåïëîâîìó ïîòîêó ÷åðåç èññëåäóåìûé îáðàçåö ïðè ïîñòîÿííûõ òåìïåðàòóðàõ è åãî ïðîòèâîïîëîæíûõ ïîâåðõíîñòÿõ
Àáåòêîâèé ïîêàæ÷èê óêðà¿íñüêèõ òåðì³í³â
âèïðîáóâàííÿ äðåíîâàíå ...................................................................... 4.12
âèïðîáóâàííÿ êîíñîë³äîâàíî-íåäðåíîâàíå ........................................ 4.11
âèïðîáóâàííÿ íåäðåíîâàíå .................................................................. 4.10
âîäîïðîíèêí³ñòü .................................................................................... 5.15
âîëîã³ñòü ã³ãðîñêîï³÷íà ........................................................................ 4.3
âîëîã³ñòü ãðóíòó .................................................................................... 4.1
âîëîã³ñòü íàáóõàííÿ (Wh), ÷àñòêè îäèíèö³ ........................................ 4.33
âîëîã³ñòü íà ãðàíèö³ çñ³äàííÿ (Wç), ÷àñòêè îäèíèö³ ......................... 4.34
âîëîã³ñòü îïòèìàëüíà ............................................................................ 4.2
ãàëüêà ...................................................................................................... 3.8
ãëèáèíà â³äòàâàííÿ ................................................................................ 5.22
ãëèáèíà ñåçîííîãî â³äòàâàííÿ .............................................................. 5.21
ãðàâ³é ...................................................................................................... 3.10
ãðàíèöÿ ì³öíîñò³ (òèì÷àñîâèé îï³ð) ïðè îäíîîñüîâîìó ñòèñíåíí³... 4.9
ãðàíèöÿ òåêó÷îñò³ ................................................................................... 4.4
ãðàíèöÿ ðîçêî÷óâàííÿ (ïëàñòè÷íîñò³) .................................................. 4.5
ãðóíò ........................................................................................................ 3.1; 3.20
ãðóíò â³÷íîìåðçëèé ................................................................................ 3.15
ãðóíò çâ'ÿçíèé ......................................................................................... 3.6
ãðóíòè çàòîðôîâàí³ ................................................................................ 3.24
ãðóíò ìåðçëèé ......................................................................................... 3.14
ãðóíò ìîðîçíèé . ..................................................................................... 3.16
ãðóíò íàï³âñêåëüíèé ............................................................................... 3.13
ãðóíò íåçâ'ÿçíèé ...................................................................................... 3.7
ãðóíò ïëàñòè÷íîìåðçëèé ........................................................................ 3.18
ãðóíò ñèïêîìåðçëèé ................................................................................ 3.19
ãðóíò òâåðäîìåðçëèé ............................................................................... 3.17
ãðóíòè øòó÷í³ ........................................................................................... 3.2
ãóìóñ .......................................................................................................... 3.27
æîðñòâà ...................................................................................................... 3.11
çîíä ............................................................................................................. 5.4
çîíäóâàííÿ ñòàòè÷íå ................................................................................. 5.2
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
çñ³äàííÿ ãðóíòó .......................................................................................... 4.43
çñ³äàííÿ ãðóíòó àáñîëþòíå çà: âèñîòîþ, ä³àìåòðîì, îá'ºìîì ............... 4.44
çñ³äàííÿ ãðóíòó â³äíîñíå çà:
âèñîòîþ (h), ä³àìåòðîì (d), îá'ºìîì (V).................................................. 4.45
ç÷åïëåííÿ åêâ³âàëåíòíå ............................................................................ 4.21
ç÷åïëåííÿ ãðóíòó ïèòîìå (Ñ) ................................................................... 5.9
êîåô³ö³ºíò â³äòàâàííÿ ............................................................................... 4.16
êîåô³ö³ºíò â³äòàâàííÿ òà ñòèñêóâàííÿ .................................................... 5.16
êîåô³ö³ºíò â'ÿçêîñò³ ................................................................................... 4.20
êîåô³ö³ºíò íåë³í³éíî¿ äåôîðìàö³¿ ............................................................ 4.18
êîåô³ö³ºíò ïîïåðå÷íîãî ðîçøèðåííÿ ...................................................... 4.19
êîåô³ö³ºíò ïîðèñòîñò³ ............................................................................... 4.58
êîåô³ö³ºíò ñòèñíåííÿ ................................................................................ 4.15
êóò âíóòð³øíüîãî òåðòÿ ãðóíòó . .............................................................. 4.32
ìàñà ãðóíòó ................................................................................................ 4.57
ìàñèâ ãðóíòó .............................................................................................. 5.7
ìåòîä ê³ëüöåâîãî çð³çó .............................................................................. 5.12
ìåòîä êîíñîë³äîâàíîãî çð³çó .................................................................... 4.27
ìåòîä íåêîíñîë³äîâàíîãî çð³çó ................................................................ 4.28
ìåòîä îáåðòàëüíîãî çð³çó ......................................................................... 5.11
ìåòîä ïîñòóïîâîãî çð³çó ........................................................................... 5.13
ìåòîä ñòàö³îíàðíîãî òåïëîâîãî ðåæèìó ................................................. 5.24
ìîäóëü çðóøåííÿ ....................................................................................... 4.13
ìîäóëü ë³í³éíî¿ äåôîðìàö³¿ (Å) ............................................................... 4.17
ìîäóëü îá'ºìíî¿ äåôîðìàö³¿ (Ê) .............................................................. 4.14
ìóë .............................................................................................................. 3.21
íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó ...................................................................................... 4.37
íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó àáñîëþòíå ................................................................... 4.38
íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó â³äíîñíå ...................................................................... 4.39
íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó â³ëüíå, ÷àñòêè îäèíèö³ .............................................. 4.41
íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó ï³ä íàâàíòàæåííÿì, ÷àñòêè îäèíèö³ ........................ 4.40
íåñòàá³ë³çîâàíèé ñòàí ............................................................................... 4.31
îáëàäíàííÿ âèì³ðþâàëüíå ........................................................................ 5.5
îï³ð ãðóíòó ïèòîìèé ï³ä íàêîíå÷íèêîì (êîíóñîì) çîíäà ..................... 5.6
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îï³ð çð³çó ãðóíòó ........................................................................................ 4.25
îï³ð ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòó çðóøåííþ ïî ïîâåðõí³ çìåðçàííÿ
ç ìàòåð³àëîì ôóíäàìåíòó (Raf) ................................................................ 4.22
îðãàí³÷íà ðå÷îâèíà .................................................................................... 3.25
ïèë ............................................................................................................... 3.12
ïîâçó÷³ñòü ................................................................................................... 4.23
ïîêàçíèê ñòðóêòóðíî¿ ì³öíîñò³ ãðóíòó ïðè çð³ç³ (Ïcòð.) ......................... 5.10
ïðèëàä îäíîïëîùèííîãî çð³çó ................................................................. 4.26
ïðîíèêí³ñòü ................................................................................................ 5.14
ïðîñ³äàííÿ â³äíîñíå .................................................................................. 4.47
ïóõê³ ãðóíòè ............................................................................................... 3.5
ðîñëèíí³ çàëèøêè ...................................................................................... 3.26
ñàïðîïåëü ................................................................................................... 3.22
ñêëàä ãðóíòó ãðàíóëîìåòðè÷íèé ............................................................. 4.52
ñêëàä ãðóíòó ì³êðîàãðåãàòíèé ................................................................. 4.56
ñòàá³ë³çàö³ÿ îñ³äàííÿ çðàçêà ãðóíòó óìîâíà ........................................... 4.50
ñòàá³ë³çîâàíèé ñòàí ................................................................................... 4.30
ñòàä³ÿ íåçàòóõàþ÷î¿ ïîâçó÷îñò³ ............................................................... 4.24
ñòàí ãðóíòó ãðàíè÷íî ïóõêèé .................................................................. 4.54
ñòàí ãðóíòó ãðàíè÷íî ù³ëüíèé ................................................................ 4.55
ñòàí ãðóíòó ïîâ³òðÿíî-ñóõèé ................................................................... 4.53
ñòèñíåííÿ çðàçêà ãðóíòó àáñîëþòíå ........................................................ 4.48
ñòèñíåííÿ çðàçêà ãðóíòó â³äíîñíå ........................................................... 4.49
ñòðóêòóðà ãðóíòó ....................................................................................... 3.3
ñòóï³íü òèñêó .............................................................................................. 4.51
ñòóï³íü òèñêó íà çðàçîê ãðóíòó ................................................................. 4.42
òåïëîïðîâ³äí³ñòü ãðóíòó ............................................................................ 5.23
òåêñòóðà ãðóíòó ........................................................................................... 3.4
òèñê íàáóõàííÿ (Ðí), ÌÏà (êãñ/ñì2) .......................................................... 4.35
òèñê íà ãðóíò íîðìàëüíèé (Ð) .................................................................... 5.8
òèñê íà çðàçîê ãðóíòó (Ð), ÌÏà (êãc/ñì2) .................................................. 4.36
òèñê ïî÷àòêîâèé ïðîñ³äàþ÷èé .................................................................... 4.46
òèñê ïðèðîäíèé ó ãðóíò³ ............................................................................. 5.17
òîðô ............................................................................................................... 3.28
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òî÷êà âèïðîáóâàíü (çîíäóâàííÿ) ........................................................... 5.3
óìîâíà ñòàá³ë³çàö³ÿ îñ³äàííÿ ................................................................. 5.18
óù³ëüíåííÿ ãðóíòó ïîïåðåäíº ............................................................... 4.29
ö³ëèê ãðóíòó ............................................................................................ 5.1
÷àøà â³äòàâàííÿ ...................................................................................... 5.19
øàð ñåçîííîãî â³äòàâàííÿ ...................................................................... 5.20
ùåá³íü ...................................................................................................... 3.9
ù³ëüí³ñòü ãðóíòó ..................................................................................... 4.6
ù³ëüí³ñòü ñóõîãî ãðóíòó ........................................................................ 4.7
ù³ëüí³ñòü ÷àñòî÷îê ãðóíòó ..................................................................... 4.8
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Àáåòêîâèé ïîêàæ÷èê í³ìåöüêèõ òåðì³í³â
absolute Bodensenkung ..................................................................... 4.44
absolutes Bodenschwellen ................................................................. 4.38
absolutes Zusammenpressen des Bodenmusters ................................ 4.48
Äguivalent des Zusammenhaltes ........................................................ 4.21
bedingte Stabilisierung des Bodenmusters ......................................... 4.50
bedingte Stabilisierung der Senkung .................................................. 5.18
Becher des Abtauens ........................................................................... 5.19
Boden .................................................................................................. 3.1; 3.20
Bodendichte ......................................................................................... 4.6
Bodenmassiv ....................................................................................... 5.7
Bodenmaserund ................................................................................... 3.4
Bodenfeuchtigkeit ............................................................................... 4.1
Bodensenkung ..................................................................................... 4.43
Bodenstruktur ...................................................................................... 3.3
Bodenschwellen unter dem Beladen ................................................... 4.40
Bodenpfeiler ........................................................................................ 5.1
Bruchgrenze (Bruchfestigkeit) ............................................................ 4.9
Dauerfrostboden .................................................................................. 3.15
Durchtorfboden ................................................................................... 3.24
Durchlässigkeit .................................................................................... 5.14
dürrer Zuftbodenzustand ...................................................................... 4.53
Dichte der Bodenteilchen ..................................................................... 4.8
Dichte des trockenen Bodens ............................................................... 4.7
dichter Grenzbodenzustand .................................................................. 4.55
Dränageprobe ....................................................................................... 4.12
Druckstufe ............................................................................................ 4.51
Druck des Schwellen ............................................................................ 4.35
Druck auf das Muster des Bodens ........................................................ 4.36
Druckstufe auf den Bodenmuster ......................................................... 4.42
Feuchtigkeit des Schwellens ................................................................. 4.33
Feuchtigkeit an der Grenze der Schrumpfung ...................................... 4.34
frostiger Boden ..................................................................................... 3.16
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freies Bodenschwellen ....................................................................... 4.41
Flüssigkeitsgrenze .............................................................................. 4.4
Gerät des Schnittes ............................................................................. 4.26
gefrorener Boden ................................................................................ 3.14
Grenze der Plastizität (des Aufrollens) ............................................... 4.5
halbfelsiger Boden .............................................................................. 3.13
hartgefrorener Boden .......................................................................... 3.17
hygroskopische Feuchtigkeit .............................................................. 4.3
Humus ................................................................................................ 3.27
Kennziffer der Strukturhaltbarkeit des Bodens unter dem Schnitt ..... 5.10
Kies ..................................................................................................... 3.10
Kiessand .............................................................................................. 3.11
Kieselsteine ......................................................................................... 3.8
Koeffizient des Abtauens .................................................................... 4.16
Koeffizient des Abtauens und der Kompressionsfähigkeit ................. 5.16
Koeffizient der Kompressionsfähigkeit .............................................. 4.15
Koeffizient der unlinearen Deformation ............................................. 4.18
Koeffizient der Quererweiterung ........................................................ 4.19
Koeffizient der Porosität .................................................................... 4.58
Koeffizient Zähigkeit ......................................................................... 4.20
konsolidierte Undränageprobe ........................................................... 4.11
Kornzusammensetzng des Bodens ..................................................... 4.52
Kreichen ............................................................................................. 4.23
Kunstboden ........................................................................................ 3.2
lockerer Boden ................................................................................... 3.5
loker Boden ........................................................................................ 3.6
locker Grenzbodenzustand ................................................................. 4.54
Masse des Bodens .............................................................................. 4.57
Meßgerät ............................................................................................ 5.5
Methode des Drehschnittes ................................................................ 5.11
Methode des Ringschnittes ................................................................ 5.12
Methode des Vonwärtsschittes .......................................................... 5.13
Methode des stationären Wärmeregimes ........................................... 5.24
Methode des konsolidierten Schnittes ............................................... 4.27
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Methode des unkonsolidierten Schnittes ............................................ 4.28
Mikroaggregatzustand des Bodens ..................................................... 4.56
Modul der Verschiebung der Erdschihten .......................................... 4.13
Modul der Liniendeformation ............................................................ 4.17
Modul der Volumendeformation ........................................................ 4.14
natürlicher Druck im Boden ............................................................... 5.17
normaler Druck auf den Boden .......................................................... 5.8
organischer Stoff ................................................................................ 3.25
optimale Feuchtigkeit ......................................................................... 4.2
Plastischgefrorenerboden ................................................................... 3.18
Punkt der Probe (Sondieren) .............................................................. 5.3
relatives Bodenschwellen ................................................................... 4.39
relative Bodensenkung ....................................................................... 4.45
relatives Zusammenpressen des Bodenmusters ................................. 4.49
relative Senkung ................................................................................. 4.47
Sapropel .............................................................................................. 3.22
senkender Anfargsdruck ..................................................................... 4.46
Schuttgefrorenerboden ....................................................................... 3.19
Schwellen des Bodens ........................................................................ 4.37
Schicht des Saisonabtauens ................................................................ 5.20
Schlamm ............................................................................................. 3.21
Sonde .................................................................................................. 5.4
spezifischer Widerstand des Boden unter
der Spitze (Kegel) der Sonde .............................................................. 5.6
spezifischer Zusammenhalt des Bodens ............................................. 5.9
Splitt, Schotter, Steinschutt ................................................................ 3.9
Stabilzustand ...................................................................................... 4.30
Staub ................................................................................................... 3.12
Stadium des kontinuierlichen Kriechens ............................................ 4.24
statisches Sondieren ............................................................................ 5.2
Tiefe des Saisonabtauens .................................................................... 5.21
Tiefe des Abtauens .............................................................................. 5.22
Torf ...................................................................................................... 3.23
Undränageprobe ................................................................................... 4.10
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unstabilenzustand ................................................................................ 4.31
unzusammen hängen der Boden .......................................................... 3.7
Vegetationsrest ..................................................................................... 3.26
Verdrängurgswiderstand des gefrorenen Bodens gegen
Verschiebung an der Oberfläche des Gefrierens mit dem
Baumaterial des Fundaments ............................................................... 4.22
Vorläufige Bodendichtung ................................................................... 4.29
Wasserdurchlässigkeit .......................................................................... 5.15
Wärmeleitung des Bodens .................................................................... 5.23
Widerstand des Bodenschnittes ............................................................ 4.25
Winkel der innerlichen Bodenreibung .................................................. 4.32
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Àáåòêîâèé ïîêàæ÷èê àíãë³éñüêèõ òåðì³í³â
air-dru state ground ............................................................................ 4.53
always frozen ground ......................................................................... 3.15
angle inside friction ............................................................................ 4.32
apparatus cut off ................................................................................. 4.26
artificial ground .................................................................................. 3.2
boundary fluidity ................................................................................ 4.4
boundary roll ...................................................................................... 4.5
cobble ................................................................................................. 3.8
coefficient compressibility ................................................................. 4.15
coefficient cross boadening ................................................................ 4.19
coefficient in linear deformation ........................................................ 4.18
coefficient porosity ............................................................................ 4.58
coefficient thaw out ............................................................................ 4.16
coefficient thaw out and condensability ............................................. 5.16
coefficient viscidity ............................................................................ 4.20
conerent ground .................................................................................. 3.5
compacten arid ground ....................................................................... 4.7
compacten fraction ground ................................................................. 4.8
compacten ground .............................................................................. 4.6
compaction ground preliminary ......................................................... 4.29
contensed standart ground relative ..................................................... 4.49
conditional stabilisation shrinkage ..................................................... 5.18
contensed standart ground absolute ................................................... 4.48
couple ground spesific ....................................................................... 5.9
creepind .............................................................................................. 4.23
crushed stone ...................................................................................... 3.9
cup thaw aut ....................................................................................... 5.19
depth seasonal thaw aut ...................................................................... 5.21
depth thow aut..................................................................................... 5.22
drainage test ....................................................................................... 4.12
driving resistance frozen ground ofelastikity frost surface
material foundation ............................................................................ 4.22
dumpling ground ................................................................................ 5.1
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dust ..................................................................................................... 3.12
equivalent cohesion ............................................................................ 4.21
failure limit ......................................................................................... 4.9
firmly frozen ground .......................................................................... 3.17
friabile ground .................................................................................... 3.6
frostu ground ...................................................................................... 3.16
frozen ground ..................................................................................... 3.14
gravel .................................................................................................. 3.10; 3.11
ground ................................................................................................ 3.1
ground halfroch .................................................................................. 3.13
ground strukture ................................................................................. 3.3
ground texture .................................................................................... 3.4
gumus ................................................................................................. 3.27
humidity ground ................................................................................. 4.1
humidity on limit strinkage ................................................................ 4.34
humidity swelling ............................................................................... 4.33
in coherent ground ............................................................................. 3.7
in stabilization state ........................................................................... 4.31
index strukture durability ground in cut off ....................................... 5.10
marshy ground .................................................................................... 3.24
mass ground ....................................................................................... 4.57
massif ground ..................................................................................... 5.7
maximum-compact state ground ........................................................ 4.55
maximum-friable state ground ........................................................... 4.54
measiring instrument .......................................................................... 5.5
method annular cut off ....................................................................... 5.12
method consolidation cut off ............................................................. 4.27
method in non consolidation cut off .................................................. 4.28
method progressive cut oft ................................................................ 5.13
method rotatory cut off ...................................................................... 5.11
method stationary thermal regime ...................................................... 5.24
micro unit composition ground .......................................................... 4.56
modulus linear deformation ............................................................... 4.17
modulus of elasticity .......................................................................... 4.13
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modulus volume deformation ............................................................. 4.14
neat conductibility ground .................................................................. 5.23
normal pressure on ground ................................................................. 5.8
non drainage test ................................................................................. 4.10; 4.11
optimum humiditu .............................................................................. 4.2
organic substance ............................................................................... 3.25
peal ..................................................................................................... 3.23
permeability ....................................................................................... 5.14
permeable to water ............................................................................. 5.15
plastik frozen ground .......................................................................... 3.18
point test (explore) ............................................................................. 5.3
pressure elementary ........................................................................... 4.46
pressure natural in ground .................................................................. 5.17
pressure on standart ground ................................................................ 4.36
pressure swelling ................................................................................ 4.35
probe ................................................................................................... 5.4
qradinq ground ................................................................................... 4.52
quiksand frozen ground ..................................................................... 3.19
resistance cut off ................................................................................ 4.25
sagging relative .................................................................................. 4.47
sapropel .............................................................................................. 3.22
silt ....................................................................................................... 3.21
shrinkage ground ................................................................................ 4.43
shrinkage ground absolute ................................................................. 4.44
shrinkage ground relative ................................................................... 4.45
soil ...................................................................................................... 3.20
spesifi resistance ground unter point (cone) probe ............................. 5.6
stabilization shrinkage standart condition .......................................... 4.50
stabilization state ................................................................................ 4.30
stade pressure an standart ground ...................................................... 4.42
stage pressure ..................................................................................... 4.51
stage nonattenuation creepind ............................................................ 4.24
static explore ...................................................................................... 5.2
stratum seasonal thaw aut .................................................................. 5.20
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swell ground ....................................................................................... 4.37
swell ground absolute ........................................................................ 4.38
swell ground relative ......................................................................... 4.39
swell ground free ............................................................................... 4.41
swell ground unter boading ................................................................ 4.40
vegetable rest ...................................................................................... 3.26
waterabsorwing propertu humidite ..................................................... 4.3
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
Àáåòêîâèé ïîêàæ÷èê ôðàíöóçüêèõ òåðì³í³â
adhérente du terrain srecifigue ................................................................. 5.9
affaissement relatif ................................................................................... 4.47
angle de frottement intérieur..................................................................... 4.32
appareil de uniplain cisaillement .............................................................. 4.26
blocade, biocaille ...................................................................................... 3.9
coefficient de dégèlement et compressibilité ........................................... 5.16
coefficient de dégeler ............................................................................... 4.16
coefficient de compressibilité .................................................................. 4.15
coefficient de viscosité ............................................................................. 4.20
coefficient de in lineare déformation ........................................................ 4.18
coefficient de transversal dilatation .......................................................... 4.19
coefficient de porosité ............................................................................... 4.58
compacité aridé terrain ............................................................................. 4.7
compacité partier terrain ........................................................................... 4.8
compacité terrain ...................................................................................... 4.6
compactage du sol préliminaire ............................................................... 4.29
compressibilité de eprouvette de terrain absolu ....................................... 4.48
compressibilité de eprouvette de terrain relatif ........................................ 4.49
conditionnel stabilisation de affaissement ................................................ 5.18
conductibilité de terrain ............................................................................ 5.23
couche de saison dégèlement ................................................................... 5.20
coupe de dégèlement ................................................................................ 5.19
degré de pression ...................................................................................... 4.51
degré de pression sur le oprouvette de sol ................................................ 4.42
drainage épreuve ....................................................................................... 4.12
équivalent adhérence ................................................................................ 4.21
fermemet congelé terrain ......................................................................... 3.17
fluage ....................................................................................................... 4.23
friable terrain cohérent ............................................................................ 3.6
galet ......................................................................................................... 3.8
gonflement de sol .................................................................................... 4.37
gonflement de sol absolu ......................................................................... 4.38
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
gonflement libre ................................................................................. 4.41
gonflement de sol relatif .................................................................... 4.39
gonflement de sol sous chargé ........................................................... 4.40
gravier ................................................................................................ 3.10; 3.11
granulométrigue composition de terrain ........................................... 4.52
humidité en limité retrait ................................................................... 4.34
humidité de gonflement ..................................................................... 4.33
humidité terrain .................................................................................. 4.1
humus ................................................................................................. 3.27
hydroscopigue humidité ..................................................................... 4.3
indice de structure résistace de terrain a la lisaillement ..................... 5.10
instrument de précision ...................................................................... 5.5
in cohérent terrain .............................................................................. 3.7
limité de rupture ................................................................................ 4.9
limité dérouler (plasticité) ................................................................. 4.5
limité fluidité ..................................................................................... 4.4
limon .................................................................................................. 3.21
masse de terrain ................................................................................. 4.57
massif de terrain ................................................................................ 5.1
massif du terrain ................................................................................ 5.7
matières organigues ........................................................................... 3.25
maximum-compact etat terrain . ......................................................... 4.55
maximum-meuble état de terrain ........................................................ 4.54
meuble terrain ..................................................................................... 3.5
méthode de ne consolidé cisiallement ................................................ 4.28
méthode de consolidé cisiallement ..................................................... 4.27
méthode de circulaire lisaillement ...................................................... 5.12
méthode de progressif lisaillemem ..................................................... 5.13
méthode de stationaire thermique régime ........................................... 5.24
méthode de rotatoire lisaillement. ...................................................... 5.11
microagregat composition de terrain .................................................. 4.56
module de cisaillement ....................................................................... 4.13
module de déformation volumétrique ................................................ 4.14
module de linéaire déformation .......................................................... 4.17
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
mouvant gelé terrain .......................................................................... 3.19
nestabiliser état .................................................................................. 4.31
non drainage épreuve ........................................................................ 4.10; 4.11
normal pression sur le terrain ............................................................ 5.8
optimum humidité ............................................................................. 4.2
perméabilité de eau ........................................................................... 5.15
plastigue gele terrain ......................................................................... 3.18
point de essai (sondage) .................................................................... 5.3
perspicacité ........................................................................................ 5.14
pression de initiale affaissemente ...................................................... 4.46
pression de gonflement ...................................................................... 4.35
pression naturel dans terrain .............................................................. 5.17
pression sur le éprouvette de terrain .................................................. 4.36
profondeur de gélèment ..................................................................... 5.22
profondeur de saison dégèlement ...................................................... 5.21
poussière ............................................................................................ 3.12
restes végétation ................................................................................ 3.26
résistance de cisaillement terrain ...................................................... 4.25
résistance du sol gelé de cisaillement effet surface
matériaux-fondation .......................................................................... 4.22
retrait du terrain ................................................................................. 4.43
retrait du terrain absolut .................................................................... 4.44
retrait du terrain relatif ...................................................................... 4.45
sapropel ............................................................................................. 3.22
sec a l'air état du terrain .................................................................... 4.53
sol effet froid . ................................................................................... 3.16
sol gelé .............................................................................................. 3.14
sol glacé ............................................................................................ 3.15
sol loessique ..................................................................................... 3.24
sol semirocheux ................................................................................ 3.13
sol tourbeux ...................................................................................... 3.24
sonde.................................................................................................. 5.4
specifîgue résistance du terrain sous canule (cône) du sonde ........... 5.6
stabiliser état ...................................................................................... 4.30
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
stabilisation de retrait de eprouvette convenu .................................... 4.50
stade de inodes fluage ........................................................................ 4.24
statique sondare .................................................................................. 5.2
texture du terrain ................................................................................ 3.4
terrain ................................................................................................. 3.1; 3.20
terrain artificielle ................................................................................ 3.2
terrain (sol) structure .......................................................................... 3.3
tourbe ................................................................................................. 3.23
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
Àáåòêîâèé ïîêàæ÷èê ðîñ³éñüêèõ òåðì³í³â
âåùåñòâî îðãàíè÷åñêîå ................................................................... 3.25
âëàæíîñòü ãèãðîñêîïè÷åñêàÿ .......................................................... 4.3
âëàæíîñãü ãðóíòà ............................................................................. 4.1
âëàæíîñòü íàáóõàíèÿ (Wh), äîëè åäèíèöû ................................... 4.33
âëàæíîñòü íà ïðåäåëå óñàäêè (Wy), äîëè åäèíèöû ..................... 4.34
âëàæíîñòü îïòèìàëüíàÿ .................................................................. 4.2
âîäîïðîíèöàåìîñòü ......................................................................... 5.15
ãàëüêà ................................................................................................ 3.8
ãëóáèíà ñåçîííîãî îòòàèâàíèÿ ....................................................... 5.21
ãëóáèíà îòòàèâàíèÿ ......................................................................... 5.22
ãðàâèé ............................................................................................... 3.10
ãðàíèöà ðàñêàòûâàíèÿ (ïëàñòè÷íîñòè) .......................................... 4.5
ãðàíèöà òåêó÷åñòè ............................................................................ 4.4
ãðàíóëîìåòðè÷åñêèé ñîñòàâ ãðóíòà ............................................... 4.52
ãðóíò .................................................................................................. 3.1
ãðóíò âå÷íîìåðçëûé ........................................................................ 3.15
ãðóíò ìåðçëûé .................................................................................. 3.14
ãðóíò ìîðîçíûé ................................................................................ 3.16
ãðóíò ïëàñòè÷íîìåðçëûé ................................................................ 3.18
ãðóíò ïîëóñêàëüíûé ........................................................................ 3.13
ãðóíò ñâÿçíûé .................................................................................. 3.6
ãðóíò ñûïó÷åìåðçëûé ..................................................................... 3.19
ãðóíò òâåðäîìåðçëûé ...................................................................... 3.17
ãðóíòû èñêóññòâåííûå .................................................................... 3.2
ãðóíòû çàòîðôîâàííûå ................................................................... 3.24
ãóìóñ................................................................................................. 3.27
äàâëåíèå íàáóõàíèÿ (Ðí), ÌÏà (êãñ/ñì2) ....................................... 4.35
äàâëåíèå íà ãðóíò íîðìàëüíîå (P) ................................................. 5.8
äàâëåíèå íà îáðàçåö ãðóíòà (Ð), ÌÏà (êãñ/ñì2) ............................ 4.36
äàâëåíèå íà÷àëüíîå ïðîñàäî÷íîå .................................................. 4.46
äàâëåíèå ïðèðîäíîå â ãðóíòå ......................................................... 5.17
äðåñâà ................................................................................................ 3.11
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
çîíä .................................................................................................... 5.4
çîíäèðîâàíèå ñòàòè÷åñêîå ............................................................... 5.2
èçìåðèòåëüíîå óñòðîéñòâî .............................................................. 5.5
èë ........................................................................................................ 3.21
èñïûòàíèå äðåíèðîâàííîå ............................................................... 4.12
èñïûòàíèå êîíñîëèäèðîâàííî-íåäðåíèðîâàííîå ......................... 4.11
èñïûòàíèå íåäðåíèðîâàííîå ........................................................... 4.10
êîýôôèöèåíò âÿçêîñòè ..................................................................... 4.20
êîýôôèöèåíò íåëèíåéíîé äåôîðìàöèè ......................................... 4.18
êîýôôèöèåíò îòòàèâàíèÿ ................................................................ 4.16
êîýôôèöèåíò îòòàèâàíèÿ è ñæèìàåìîñòè . ................................... 5.16
êîýôôèöèåíò ïîïåðå÷íîãî ðàñøèðåíèÿ ........................................ 4.19
êîýôôèöèåíò ïîðèñòîñòè ................................................................ 4.58
êîýôôèöèåíò ñæèìàåìîñòè ............................................................. 4.15
ìàññà ãðóíòà ...................................................................................... 4.57
ìàññèâ ãðóíòà .................................................................................... 5.7
ìîäóëü ëèíåéíîé äåôîðìàöèè (E) .................................................. 4.17
ìîäóëü îáúåìíîé äåôîðìàöèè (Ê) ................................................. 4.14
ìîäóëü ñäâèãà ................................................................................... 4.13
ìåòîä âðàùàòåëüíîãî ñðåçà ............................................................. 5.11
ìåòîä êîëüöåâîãî ñðåçà ................................................................... 5.12
ìåòîä êîíñîëèäèðîâàííîãî ñðåçà ................................................... 4.27
ìåòîä íåêîíñîëèäèðîâàííîãî ñðåçà ............................................... 4.28
ìåòîä ïîñòóïàòåëüíîãî ñðåçà .......................................................... 5.13
ìåòîä ñòàöèîíàðíîãî òåïëîâîãî ðåæèìà ....................................... 5.24
íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà .............................................................................. 4.37
íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà àáñîëþòíîå ........................................................ 4.38
íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà îòíîñèòåëüíîå .................................................... 4.39
íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà ïîä íàãðóçêîé, äîëè åäèíèöû .......................... 4.40
íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà ñâîáîäíîå, äîëè åäèíèöû ................................. 4.41
íåñâÿçíûé ãðóíò ............................................................................... 3.7
íåñòàáèëèçèðîâàííîå ñîñòîÿíèå .................................................... 4.31
îñòàòêè ðàñòèòåëüíûå ...................................................................... 3.26
ïî÷âà .................................................................................................. 3.20
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
ïëîòíîñòü ãðóíòà .............................................................................. 4.6
ïëîòíîñòü ñóõîãî ãðóíòà ................................................................. 4.7
ïëîòíîñãü ÷àñòèö ãðóíòà ................................................................. 4.8
ïîêàçàòåëü ñòðóêòóðíîé ïðî÷íîñòè ãðóíòà ïðè ñðåçå (Ïcòð.) .... 5.10
ïîëçó÷åñòü ........................................................................................ 4.23
ïðèáîð îäíîïëîñêîñòíîãî ñðåçà .................................................... 4.76
ïðåäåë ïðî÷íîñòè (âðåìåííîå ñîïðîòèâëåíèå)
ïðè îäíîîñíîì ñæàòèè .................................................................... 4.9
ïðîíèöàåìîñòü .................................................................................. 5.14
ïðîñàäî÷íîñòü îòíîñèòåëüíàÿ ........................................................ 4.47
ïûëü .................................................................................................. 3.12
ðûõëûå ãðóíòû ................................................................................ 3.5
ñàïðîïåëü ......................................................................................... 3.22
ñæàòèå îáðàçöà ãðóíòà àáñîëþòíîå ............................................... 4.48
ñæàòèå îáðàçöà ãðóíòà îòíîñèòåëüíîå .......................................... 4.49
ñëîé ñåçîííîãî îòòàèâàíèÿ ............................................................. 5.20
ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ãðóíòà óäåëüíîå
ïîä íàêîíå÷íèêîì (êîíóñîì) çîíäà .............................................. 5.6
ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòà ñäâèãó ïî ïîâåðõíîñòè
ñìåðçàíèÿ ñ ìàòåðèàëîì ôóíäàìåíòà (Raf) .................................... 4.22
ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ñðåçó ãðóíòà ........................................................... 4.25
ñîñòîÿíèå ãðóíòà âîçäóøíî-ñóõîå ................................................. 4.53
ñîñòîÿíèå ãðóíòà ïðåäåëüíî ïëîòíîå ............................................ 4.55
ñîñòîÿíèå ãðóíòà ïðåäåëüíî ðûõëîå ............................................. 4.54
ñîñòàâ ãðóíòà ìèêðîàãðåãàòíûé .................................................... 4.56
ñòàáèëèçàöèÿ îñàäêè îáðàçöà ãðóíòà óñëîâíàÿ ............................ 4.50
ñòàáèëèçàöèÿ îñàäêè óñëîâíàÿ ....................................................... 5.18
ñòàáèëèçèðîâàííîå ñîñòîÿíèå ........................................................ 4.30
ñòàäèÿ íåçàòóõàþùåé ïîëçó÷åñòè .................................................. 4.24
ñòðóêòóðà ãðóíòà .............................................................................. 3.3
ñòóïåíü äàâëåíèÿ ............................................................................. 4.51
ñòóïåíü äàâëåíèÿ íà îáðàçåö ãðóíòà ............................................. 4.42
ñöåïëåíèå ãðóíòà óäåëüíîå (Ñ) ..................................................... 5.9
ñöåïëåíèå ýêâèâàëåíòíîå .............................................................. 4.21
òåêñòóðà ãðóíòà ............................................................................... 3.4
ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94
òåïëîïðîâîäíîñòü ãðóíòà ............................................................... 5.23
òîðô .................................................................................................. 3.23
òî÷êà èñïûòàíèé (çîíäèðîâàíèÿ) .................................................. 5.3
óãîë âíóòðåííåãî òðåíèÿ ãðóíòà ................................................... 4.32
óïëîòíåíèå ãðóíòà ïðåäâàðèòåëüíîå ............................................ 4.29
óñàäêà ãðóíòà .................................................................................. 4.43
óñàäêà ãðóíòà àáñîëþòíàÿ ïî: âûñîòå, äèàìåòðó, îáúåìó .......... 4.44
óñàäêà ãðóíòà îòíîñèòåëüíàÿ ïî:
âûñîòå (h), äèàìåòðó (d), îáúåìó (V) ............................................ 4.43
öåëèê ãðóíòà .................................................................................... 5.1
÷àøà îòòàèâàíèÿ ............................................................................. 5.19
ùåáåíü ............................................................................................. 3.9
Êîðåêòîð - Í.ß.Êîçÿð
Êîìï'þòåðíà âåðñòêà -Ò.².Öàïðî
³äïîâ³äàëüíèé çà âèïóñê - Â.M.×åñíîê
Óêðàðõáóä³íôîðì
01133, Êè¿â -133, áóëüâ. Ëåñ³ Óêðà¿íêè, 26