Ñòðîèòåëüíûé ïîðòàë :: ÃÎÑÒ, ÑÍèÏ, ÄÁÍ, ÄÑÒÓ Óêðàèíû

ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

ÄÅÐÆÀÂÍÈÉ ÑÒÀÍÄÀÐÒ ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ

ÃÐÓÍÒÈ

Òåðì³íè òà âèçíà÷åííÿ

Âèäàííÿ îô³ö³éíå

 

Äåðæáóä Óêðà¿íè

Êè¿â 2001


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

ÏÅÐÅÄÌÎÂÀ

1 ÐÎÇÐÎÁËÅÍÈÉ

Íàóêîâî-äîñë³äíèì ³íñòèòóòîì áóä³âåëüíîãî âèðîáíèöòâà ̳íáóäàðõ³òåêòóðè Óêðà¿íè (ê.ò.í. Øàâðèí B.I., ê.ò.í. Ìîãèëüíèé B.C., ê.ò.í. Ëó÷êî À.Ä., í.ñ. Ñòàðîäóáöåâà Ë.Â.,

í.ñ. Í.Ñ. Êîíîïêî Í.Ï.).

ÂÍÅÑÅÍÈÉ

Óïðàâë³ííÿì íîðìàòèâ³â ³ ñòàíäàðò³â ̳íáóäàðõ³òåêòóðè Óêðà¿íè

2 ÇÀÒÂÅÐÄÆÅÍÈÉ

Íàêàçîì ̳í³ñòåðñòâà Óêðà¿íè ó ñïðàâàõ áóä³âíèöòâà òà àðõ³òåêòóðè â³ä 12.04.94 ¹ 83

3 ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÉ ÂÏÅÐØÅ

Ñòàíäàðò íå ìîæå áóòè ïîâí³ñòþ àáî ÷àñòêîâî â³äòâîðåíèé, òèðàæîâàíèé ³ ðîçïîâñþäæåíèé ÿê îô³ö³éíå âèäàííÿ áåç äî­çâîëó Äåðæáóäó Óêðà¿íè


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

Ç̲ÑÒ

1 Ãàëóçü âèêîðèñòàííÿ ...................................................................... l

2 Îñíîâí³ ïîëîæåííÿ ........................................................................ l

3 Ãðóíòè ............................................................................................. 2

4 Ìåòîäè ëàáîðàòîðíîãî âèçíà÷åííÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ãðóíò³â ...... 9

5 Ìåòîäè ïîëüîâîãî âèçíà÷åííÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ãðóíò³â ............ 24

Àáåòêîâèé ïîêàæ÷èê óêðà¿íñüêèõ òåðì³í³â ................................. 30

Àáåòêîâèé ïîêàæ÷èê í³ìåöüêèõ òåðì³í³â .................................... 34

Àáåòêîâèé ïîêàæ÷èê àíãë³éñüêèõ òåðì³í³â .................................. 38

Àáåòêîâèé ïîêàæ÷èê ôðàíöóçüêèõ òåðì³í³â ................................ 42

Àáåòêîâèé ïîêàæ÷èê ðîñ³éñüêèõ òåðì³í³â .................................... 46


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

ÄÅÐÆÀÂÍÈÉ ÑÒÀÍÄÀÐÒ ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ

 

Ãðóíòè

Òåðì³íè òà âèçíà÷åííÿ

Ãðóíòû

Òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ

Boden

Terms and definitions

 

×èííèé â³ä 1994-10-01

1 ÃÀËÓÇÜ ÂÈÊÎÐÈÑÒÀÍÍß

 

1.1 Öåé ñòàíäàðò óñòàíîâëþº òåðì³íè òà âèçíà÷åííÿ îñíîâíèõ ïîíÿòü ó ãàëóç³ ãðóíò³â.

1.2 Òåðì³íè, ðåãëàìåíòîâàí³ â öüîìó ñòàíäàðò³, îáîâ'ÿçêîâ³ äëÿ âèêî­ðèñòàííÿ â óñ³õ âèäàõ íîðìàòèâíî¿ äîêóìåíòàö³¿, ó äîâ³äêîâ³é òà íàâ÷àëüíî-ìåòîäè÷í³é ë³òåðàòóð³, ùî íàëåæèòü äî ãàëóç³ áóä³âåëüíèõ ìàòåð³àë³â, à òàêîæ äëÿ ðîá³ò ³ç ñòàíäàðòèçàö³¿ àáî ïðè âèêîðèñòàíí³ ðåçóëüòàò³â öèõ ðîá³ò, âêëþ­÷àþ÷è ïðîãðàìí³ çàñîáè äëÿ êîìï'þòåðíèõ ñèñòåì.

1.3 Âèìîãè ñòàíäàðòó ÷èíí³ äëÿ âèêîðèñòàííÿ â ðîáîò³ ï³äïðèºìñòâ, óñòà­íîâ, îðãàí³çàö³é, ùî ä³þòü íà òåðèòî𳿠Óêðà¿íè, òåõí³÷íèõ êîì³òåò³â ³ç ñòàí­äàðòèçàö³¿, íàóêîâî-òåõí³÷íèõ òà ³íæåíåðíèõ òîâàðèñòâ, ì³í³ñòåðñòâ, â³äîìñòâ.

2 ÎÑÍÎÂͲ ÏÎËÎÆÅÍÍß

2.1 Äëÿ êîæíîãî ïîíÿòòÿ âñòàíîâëåíèé îäèí ñòàíäàðòèçîâàíèé òåðì³í.

2.2 Ïîäàí³ âèçíà÷åííÿ ìîæíà â ðàç³ íåîáõ³äíîñò³ ðîçâèâàòè øëÿõîì ââå­äåííÿ äî íèõ ïîõ³äíèõ îçíàê, ÿê³ äîïîâíþþòü çíà÷åííÿ òåðì³í³â, ùî âèêî­ðèñòîâóþòüñÿ. Äîïîâíåííÿ íå ìîæóòü ïîðóøóâàòè îáñÿã ³ çì³ñò ïîíÿòü, âèçíà­÷åíèõ ó ñòàíäàðò³.

2.3 Ó ñòàíäàðò³, ÿê äîâ³äêîâ³, ïîäàí³ í³ìåöüê³ (de), àíãë³éñüê³ (en), ôðàí­öóçüê³ (fr) òà ðîñ³éñüê³ (ru) â³äïîâ³äíèêè ñòàíäàðòèçîâàíèõ òåðì³í³â, à òàêîæ âèçíà÷åííÿ ðîñ³éñüêîþ ìîâîþ.

2.4 Ó ñòàíäàðò³ íàâåäåí³ àáåòêîâèé ïîêàæ÷èê òåðì³í³â óêðà¿íñüêîþ ìî­âîþ òà àáåòêîâ³ ïîêàæ÷èêè ³íøîìîâíèõ â³äïîâ³äíèê³â ñòàíäàðòèçîâàíèõ òåð­ì³í³â êîæíîþ ìîâîþ îêðåìî.

 

 

 

Âèäàííÿ îô³ö³éíå


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

 

3  ÃÐÓÍÒÈ


 

3.1   ãðóíò                                          de

en

fr

ru

 

Êîæíà ã³ðñüêà ïîðîäà ÷è ðîñ­ëèííèé ãðóíò (à òàêîæ òâåðä³ â³äõîäè âèðîáíè÷î¿ òà ãîñïî­äàðñüêî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ ëþäèíè), ÿê³ ñòàíîâëÿòü áàãàòîêîìïî­íåíòíó ñèñòåìó, ùî çì³íþºòüñÿ çà ÷àñîì, ³ âèêîðèñòîâóºòüñÿ ÿê îñíîâà, ñåðåäîâèùå àáî ìàòåð³àë äëÿ çâåäåííÿ áóäèíê³â òà ³íæåíåðíèõ ñïîðóä

 

 

3.2   ãðóíòè øòó÷í³                         de

an

fr

ru

 

Ãðóíòè ïðèðîäíîãî ïîõîäæåí­íÿ, çì³öíåí³ ³ óù³ëüíåí³ ð³çíèìè ìåòîäàìè, à òàêîæ òâåðä³ â³äõîäè âèðîáíè÷î¿ òà ãîñïîäàðñüêî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ ëþäèíè

 

3.3   ñòðóêòóðà ãðóíòó                   

de

en

fr

ru

 

Îñîáëèâîñò³ áóäîâè ãðóíòó, îáóìîâëåí³ ðîçì³ðàìè ³ ôîð­ìîþ ÷àñòèíîê, õàðàêòåðîì ¿õ ïîâåðõí³, ê³ëüê³ñíèì ñï³ââ³ä­íîøåííÿì ñêëàäîâèõ åëåìåíò³â ãðóíòó (ì³íåðàëüíèõ ÷àñòî÷îê àáî àãðåãàò³â ÷àñòî÷îê) ³ õàðàê­òåðîì ¿õ âçàºìî䳿 îäíå ç îäíèì


Boden ground terrain ãðóíò

 

Ëþáàÿ ãîðíàÿ ïîðîäà èëè ïî÷âà (à òàêæå òâåðäûå îòõîäû ïðîèç­âîäñòâåííîé è õîçÿéñòâåííîé äåÿ­òåëüíîñòè ÷åëîâåêà), ïðåäñòàâëÿ­þùèå ñîáîé ìíîãîêîìïîíåíòíóþ ñèñòåìó, èçìåíÿþùóþñÿ âî âðå­ìåíè, è èñïîëüçóåìûå êàê îñíî­âàíèå, ñðåäà èëè ìàòåðèàë äëÿ âîç­âåäåíèÿ çäàíèé è èíæåíåðíûõ ñîî­ðóæåíèé

 

Kunstboden

artificial ground

terrain artificielle

ãðóíòû èñêóññòâåííûå

 

Ãðóíòû ïðèðîäíîãî ïðîèñõîæ­äåíèÿ, çàêðåïëåííûå è óïëîòíåí­íûå ðàçëè÷íûìè ìåòîäàìè, à òàêæå òâåðäûå îòõîäû ïðîèçâîäñò­âåííîé è õîçÿéñòâåííîé äåÿòåëü­íîñòè ÷åëîâåêà

 

Bodenstruktur

ground strukture terrain(sol) structure ñòðóêòóðà ãðóíòà

 

Îñîáåííîñòè ñòðîåíèÿ ãðóíòà, îáóñëîâëåííûå ðàçìåðîì è ôîð­ìîé ÷àñòèö, õàðàêòåðîì èõ ïîâåðõ­íîñòè, êîëè÷åñòâåííûì ñîîòíî­øåíèåì ñëàãàþùèõ åëåìåíòîâ (ìèíåðàëüíûõ ÷àñòèö èëè àãðåãà­òîâ ÷àñòèö)è õàðàêòåðîì èõ âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ äðóã ñ äðóãîì


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 


3.4     òåêñòóðà ãðóíòó                       de

en

fr

ru

 

Îñîáëèâîñò³ áóäîâè ãðóíòó, îáóìîâëåí³ ïðîñòîðîâèì ðîçòà­øóâàííÿì ñêëàäîâèõ åëåìåíò³â ãðóíòó

 

3.5     ïóõê³ ãðóíòè                            de

en

fr

ru

 

Íàéá³ëüø ïîøèðåí³ áóä³âåëüí³ ìàòåð³àëè. Çà ñâî¿ì ìåõàí³÷íèì ñêëàäîì ö³ ãðóíòè ï³äðîçä³­ëÿþòüñÿ íà íåçâ'ÿçí³ ³ çâ'ÿçí³

 

 

3.6     çâ'ÿçíèé ãðóíò                          de

en

fr

ru

 

Ãðóíò, îñîáëèâ³ñòü áóäîâè ÿêîãî îáóìîâëåíà ê³ëüê³ñíèì ñï³ââ³äíîøåííÿì ÷àñòèíîê, ùî çàáåçïå÷óþòü éîãî ö³ë³ñí³ñòü. Äî çâ'ÿçíèõ ãðóíò³â â³äíîñÿòü­ñÿ: ñóï³ñîê, ñóãëèíîê, ãëèíà

 

 

3.7     íåçâ'ÿçíèé ãðóíò                      de

en

fr

ru

 

Ãðóíò, ùî ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç ÷àñòè­íîê ðîçì³ðàìè â³ä 0,05 äî 200 ìì (ÿê ç íåâåëèêèõ îêðóãëåíèõ ÷è êóòàñòèõ êàì³íö³â, òàê ³ ç ì³ëêî-çåðíèñòèõ ³ ïèëîâèäíèõ). Äî íåçâ'ÿçíèõ ãðóíò³â â³äíîñÿòüñÿ: ãàëüêà, ùåá³íü. ãðàâ³é, æîðñòâà, ï³ñîê, ïèë


Bodenmaserund

ground texture

texture du terrain

òåêñòóðà ãðóíòà

 

Îñîáåííîñòè ñòðîåíèÿ ãðóíòà, îáóñëîâëåííûå ïðîñòðàíñòâåííûì ðàñïîëîæåíèåì ñëàãàþùèõ ãðóíò ýëåìåíòîâ

 

lockerer Boden conerent ground meuble terrain ðûõëûå ãðóíòû

 

Íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûå ñòðîèòåëüíûå ìàòåðèàëû. Ïî ñâîå­ìó ìåõàíè÷åñêîìó ñîñòàâó ýòè ãðóíòû ïîäðàçäåëÿþòñÿ íà íåñâÿç­íûå è ñâÿçíûå

 

loker Boden

friable ground

friable terrain cohérent ñâÿçíûé ãðóíò

 

Ãðóíò, îñîáåííîñòü ñòðîåíèÿ êîòî­ðîãî îáóñëîâëåíà êîëè÷åñòâåííûì ñîîòíîøåíèåì ÷àñòèö, îáåñïå÷è­âàþùèõ åãî öåëîñòíîñòü. Ê ñâÿç­íûì ãðóíòàì îòíîñÿòñÿ: ñóïåñü, ñóãëèíîê, ãëèíà

 

unzusammen hängen der Boden

in coherent ground

in cohérent terrain

íåñâÿçíûé ãðóíò

 

Ãðóíò, ñîñòîÿùèé èç ÷àñòèö ðàçìå­ðàìè îò 0,05 äî 200 ìì (êàê èç íå­áîëüøèõ ñêàòàííûõ èëè óãëîâà­òûõ êàìíåé, òàê è èç ìåëêî­çåðíèñòûõ è ïûëåâèäíûõ). Ê íåñâÿçíûì ãðóíòàì îòíîñÿòñÿ:

ãàëüêà, ùåáåíü, ãðàâèé, äðåñâà, ïåñîê, ïûëü


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94


 

3.8   ãàëüêà                                    de     Kieselsteine

en     cobble

fr      galet

ru     ãàëüêà


 

Ãðóíò, ùî ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç íåâåëèêèõ îêðóãëåíèõ êàìåí³â. Ðîçì³ðè êàìåí³â ó ïîïåðå÷íèêó ñòàíîâëÿòü â³ä 200 äî 20 ìì

 

 

3.9   ùåá³íü                                     de

en

fr

ru

 

Ãðóíò, ùî ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç íåâåëèêèõ êóòàñòèõ êàìåí³â. Ðîçì³ðè êàì³ííÿ ó ïîïåðå÷íèêó ñòàíîâëÿòü â³ä 20 äî 2 ìì

 

3.10   ãðàâ³é                                    de

en

fr

ru

 

Ãðóíò, ùî ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç îáêà­òàíèõ äóæå ìàëåíüêèõ êàì³í­ö³â. Ðîçì³ðè êàìåí³â ó ïîïå­ðå÷íèêó ñòàíîâëÿòü â³ä 20 äî 2 ìì

 

3.11   æîðñòâà                                de

en

fr

ru

 

Ãðóíò, ùî ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç êóòàñ­òèõ äóæå ìàëåíüêèõ êàì³íö³â. Ðîçì³ðè êàìåí³â ó ïîïåðå÷íèêó ñòàíîâëÿòü â³ä 20 äî 2 ìì


 

Ãðóíò, ñîñòîÿùèé èç íåáîëüøèõ ñêàòàííûõ êàìíåé. Ðàçìåðû êàì­íåé â ïîïåðå÷íèêå ñîñòàâëÿþò îò 200 äî 20 ìì

 

 

 

Splitt, Schotter, Steinschutt crushed stone

blocage, blocaille

ùåáåíü

 

Ãðóíò, ñîñòîÿùèé èç íåáîëüøèõ óãëîâàòûõ êàìíåé. Ðàçìåðû êàì­íåé â ïîïåðå÷íèêå ñîñòàâëÿþò îò 20 äî 2 ìì

 

 

Kies

gravel gravier ãðàâèé

 

Ãðóíò, ñîñòîÿùèé èç ñêàòàííûõ î÷åíü ìàëûõ êàìåøêîâ. Ðàçìåðû êàìíåé â ïîïåðå÷íèêå ñîñòàâëÿþò îò 20 äî 2 ìì

 

 

Kiessand gravel gravier äðåñâà

 

Ãðóíò, ñîñòîÿùèé èç óãëîâàòûõ î÷åíü ìàëåíüêèõ êàìíåé. Ðàçìåðû êàìíåé â ïîïåðå÷íèêå ñîñòàâëÿþò îò 20 äî 2 ìì


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94


3.12   ïèë

de   Staub

en   dust

fr    poussière

ru               ïûëü

 


Äóæå ì³ëêîçåðíèñòèé ãðóíò, ùî ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç ÷àñòèíîê, ÿê³ ìàþòü ðîçì³ðè â³ä 0,25 äî 0,005 ìì ó ïîïåðå÷íèêó

 

3.13   ãðóíò íàï³âñêåëüíèé            de

en

fr

ru

 

Ãðóíò, ùî ìຠãðàíèöþ ì³öíîñ­ò³ íà îäíîîñüîâå ñòèñíåííÿ ó âîäîíàñè÷åíîìó ñòàí³ ìåíøå í³æ 5 ÌÏà (50 êãñ/ñì2 )

 

3.14   ãðóíò ìåðçëèé                        de

en

fr

ru

 

Ãðóíò, ùî ìຠì³íóñîâó òåìïå­ðàòóðó ³ ì³ñòèòü ó ñâîºìó ñêëàä³ ë³ä

 

3.15   ãðóíò â³÷íîìåðçëèé              de

en

fr

­ru

 

Ãðóíò, ÿêèé â óìîâàõ ïðèðîä­íîãî çàëÿãàííÿ çíàõîäèòüñÿ ó çàìåðçëîìó ñòàí³ áåçïåðåðâíî (òîáòî áåç ðîçìîðîæóâàííÿ) ïðîòÿãîì áàãàòüîõ (òðüîõ ³ á³ëüøå) ðîê³â

 

3.16   ãðóíò ìîðîçíèé                     de

en

fr

ru

 

Ñêåëüíèé ãðóíò, ùî ìຠì³íóñîâó òåìïåðàòóðó ³ íå ì³ñòèòü ó ñâîºìó ñêëàä³ ë³ä


Î÷åíü ìåëêîçåðíèñòûé ãðóíò, ñîñòîÿùèé èç ÷àñòèö ðàçìåðîì îò 0,25 äî 0,005 ìì â ïîïåðå÷íèêå

 

halbfelsiger Boden ground halfroch

sol semirocheux

ãðóíò ïîëóñêàëüíûé

 

Ãðóíò, èìåþùèé ïðåäåë ïðî÷­íîñòè íà îäíîîñíîå ñæàòèå â âîäîíàñûùåííîì ñîñòîÿíèè ìåíåå 5 ÌÏà (50 êãñ/ñì2)

 

gefrorener Boden frozen ground

sol gelé

ãðóíò ìåðçëûé

 

Ãðóíò, èìåþùèé ìèíóñîâóþ òåì­ïåðàòóðó è ñîäåðæàùèé â ñâîåì ñîñòàâå ëåä

 

Dauerfrostboden always frozen ground sol glacé

ãðóíò âå÷íîìåðçëûé

 

Ãðóíò, êîòîðûé â óñëîâèÿõ ïðèðîäíîãî çàëåãàíèÿ íàõîäèòñÿ â ìåðçëîì ñîñòîÿíèè íåïðåðûâíî (áåç îòòàèâàíèÿ) â òå÷åíèè ìíîãèõ (òðåõ è áîëåå) ëåò

 

frostiger Boden frostu ground

sol effet froid ãðóíò ìîðîçíûé

 

Ñêàëüíûé ãðóíò, èìåþùèé ìèíó­ñîâóþ òåìïåðàòóðó è íå ñîäåð­æàùèé â ñâîåì ñîñòàâå ëåä


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94


 

3.17   ãðóíò òâåðäîìåðçëèé             de   hartgefrorener Boden

en   firmly frozen ground

fr    fermement congelé terrain

ru   ãðóíò òâåðäîìåðçëûé

 


Ãðóíò, ì³öíî çöåìåíòîâàíèé ëüîäîì, ùî õàðàêòåðèçóºòüñÿ â³äíîñíî êðèõêèì ðóéíóâàí­íÿì òà ïðàêòè÷íèì íå óù³ëüíåííÿì ï³ä 䳺þ íàâàíòà­æåíü â³ä áóä³âåëü ³ ñïîðóä


Ãðóíò, ïðî÷íî ñöåìåíòèðîâàííûé ëüäîì è õàðàêòåðèçóåìûé îòíîñèòåëüíî õðóïêèì ðàçðó­øåíèåì è ïðàêòè÷åñêîé íå ñæèìàå­ìîñòüþ ïîä äåéñòâèåì íàãðóçîê îò çäàíèé è ñîîðóæåíèé


 

3.18    ãðóíò ïëàñòè÷íîìåðçëèé     de  Plastischgefrorenerboden

en  plastik frozen ground

fr   plastigue gelé terrain

ru   ãðóíò ïëàñòè÷íîìåðçëûé

 


Ãðóíò, çöåìåíòîâàíèé ëüîäîì, àëå ÿêèé ìຠâ'ÿçê³ âëàñòèâîñò³ ³ õàðàêòåðèçóºòüñÿ ñòèñëèâ³ñòþ ï³ä 䳺þ íàâàíòàæåíü â³ä áóä³âåëü ³ ñïîðóä


Ãðóíò, ñöåìåíòèðîâàííûé ëüäîì, íî îáëàäàþùèé âÿçêèìè ñâîéñò­âàìè è õàðàêòåðèçóåìûé ñæèìàå­ìîñòüþ ïîä äåéñòâèåì íàãðóçîê îò çäàíèé è ñîîðóæåíèé


 

3.19    ãðóíò ñèïêîìåðçëèé              de  Schuttgeirorenerbodcn

en  quiksand frozen ground

 fr  mouvant gelé terrain

 ru  ãðóíò ñûïó÷åìåðçëûé

 


Ãðóíò âåëèêîóëàìêîâèé ³ ï³ñ÷àíèé, ùî ìຠì³íóñîâó òåìïåðàòóðó, àëå íå çöåìåíòî­âàíèé ëüîäîì âíàñë³äîê éîãî ìàëî¿ âîëîãîñò³

Êðóïíîîáëîìî÷íûé è ïåñ÷àíûé ãðóíò, èìåþùèé ìèíóñîâóþ òåìïå­ðàòóðó, íî íå ñöåìåíòèðîâàííûé ëüäîì âñëåäñòâèå èõ ìàëîé âëàæ­íîñòè


 

 

3.20   ãðóíò                                         de   Boden

en   soil

fr    terrain

ru   ïî÷âà

 


Ïðèðîäíå ôîðìóâàííÿ, ùî ñêëàäຠïîâåðõíåâèé øàð çåì­íî¿ êîðè ³ ìຠðîäþ÷³ âëàñòè­âîñò³. Ãðóíòè ñêëàäàþòüñÿ ç äåê³ëüêîõ ãîðèçîíò³â, ùî âè­íèêëè âíàñë³äîê ñêëàäíî¿ âçà­ºìî䳿 ìàòåðèíñüêèõ ã³ðñüêèõ ïîð³ä, êë³ìàòó, ðåëüºôó ì³ñöåâîñò³, ðîñëèííîñò³, òâàðèííèõ îðãàí³çì³â


Ïðèðîäíîå îáðàçîâàíèå, ñëàãàþ­ùåå ïîâåðõíîñòíûé ñëîé çåìíîé êîðû è îáëàäàþùåå ïëîäîðîäèåì. Ïî÷âû ñîñòîÿò èç íåñêîëüêèõ ãîðèçîíòîâ, âîçíèêøèõ â ðåçóëüòà­òå ñëîæíîãî âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ ìàòåðèíñêèõ ãîðíûõ ïîðîä, êëèìàòà, ðåëüåôà ìåñòíîñòè, ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè, æèâîòíûõ îðãàíèçìîâ


 


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94


 

3.21   ìóë                                           de

en

fr

ru

 

Âîäîíàñè÷åíèé ñó÷àñíèé îñàä âîäîéì, ùî óòâîðèâñÿ çà íàÿâ­íîñò³ ì³êðîá³îëîã³÷íèõ ïðîöå­ñ³â, ùî ìຠâîëîã³ñòü, ÿêà ïå­ðåâèùóº âîëîã³ñòü íà ãðàíèö³ òåêó÷îñò³ ³ êîåô³ö³ºíò ïîðèñòîñò³ 0,9

 

 

3.22   ñàïðîïåëü                               de

en

fr

ru

 

Ïð³ñíîâîäíèé ìóë, ùî âèíèê ïðè ñàìîðîçêëàäàíí³ îðãàí³÷­íèõ (ïåðåâàæíî ðîñëèííèõ) çàëèøê³â íà äí³ çàñò³éíèõ âî­äîéì (îçåð), ÿêèé ì³ñòèòü á³ëü­øå 10 % îðãàí³÷íèõ ðå÷îâèí;

ìຠêîåô³ö³ºíò ïîðèñòîñò³, ÿê ïðàâèëî, á³ëüøå 3, ïîêàçíèê òåêó÷îñò³ á³ëüøå 1 ; âì³ñò ÷àñòèíîê ðîçì³ðîì á³ëüøå çà 0,25 ìì íå ïåðåâèùóº 5 %

 

 

3.23   òîðô                                         de

en

fr

ru

 

Îðãàíî-ì³íåðàëüíèé ãðóíò, ùî âèíèê âíàñë³äîê ïðèðîäíîãî â³äìèðàííÿ ³ íå ïîâíîãî ðîç­êëàäó áîëîòíèõ ðîñëèí â óìî­âàõ ï³äâèùåíî¿ âîëîãîñò³ ïðè â³äñóòíîñò³ êèñíþ òà ì³ñòèòü 50 % ³ á³ëüøå îðãàí³÷íèõ ðå÷îâèí


 

Schlamm silt

limon

èë

 

Âîäîíàñûùåííûé ñîâðåìåííûé îñàäîê âîäîåìîâ, îáðàçîâàâøèéñÿ ïðè íàëè÷èè ìèêðîáèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññîâ, èìåþùèé âëàæíîñòü, ïðåâûøàþùóþ âëàæíîñòü íà ãðàíèöå òåêó÷åñòè è êîåôôèöèåíò ïîðèñòîñòè 0,9

 

Sapropel sapropel sapropel ñàïðîïåëü

 

Ïðåñíîâîäíûé èë, îáðàçî­âàâøèéñÿ ïðè ñàìîðàçëîæåíèè îðãàíè÷åñêèõ (ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ðàñòèòåëüíûõ) îñòàòêîâ íà äíå çà­ñòîéíûõ âîäîåìîâ (îçåð) è ñîäåð­æàùèé áîëåå 10 % îðãàíè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ; èìååò êîýôôèöèåíò ïîðèñòîñòè, êàê ïðàâèëî, áîëåå 3, ïîêàçàòåëü òåêó÷åñòè áîëåå 1; ñî­äåðæàíèå ÷àñòèö ðàçìåðîì áîëåå 0,25 ìì íå ïðåâûøàåò 5 %

 

Torf

peal tourbe òîðô

 

Îðãàíî-ìèíåðàëüíûé ãðóíò, îáðà­çîâàâøèéñÿ â ðåçóëüòàòå åñòåñòâåí­íîãî îòìèðàíèÿ è íåïîëíîãî ðàç­ëîæåíèÿ áîëîòíûõ ðàñòåíèé â óñëîâèÿõ ïîâûøåííîé âëàæíîñòè ïðè íåäîñòàòêå êèñëîðîäà è ñîäåð­æàùèé 50 % è áîëåå îðãàíè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 


   

3.24   ãðóíòè çàòîðôîâàí³               de

en

fr

ru

 

ϳñ÷àí³, ïèëóâàò³ ³ ãëèíèñò³ ãðóíòè, ùî ì³ñòÿòü ó ñâîºìó ñêëàä³ â³ä 10 äî 50 % (çà ìàñîþ) îðãàí³÷íèõ ðå÷îâèí

 

3.25   îðãàí³÷íà ðå÷îâèíà               de

en

fr

ru

 

Îðãàí³÷í³ îá'ºäíàííÿ, ÿê³ âõî­äÿòü äî ñêëàäó ãðóíòó ó âèãëÿä³ çàëèøê³â ðîñëèííèõ ³ òâàðèííèõ îðãàí³çì³â, ùî íå ðîçêëàëèñü, à òàêîæ ïðîäóêò³â ¿õ ðîçêëàäó ³ ïåðåòâîðþâàííÿ

 

3.26   ðîñëèíí³ çàëèøêè                de

en fr ru

 

Íåðîçêëàäåí³ ìåõàí³÷í³ âêëþ­÷åííÿ ðîñëèí

 

3.27   ãóìóñ                                        de

en

fr

ru

 

Ñêëàäíèé àãðåãàò òåìíîïîôàð-áîâàíèõ àìôîðíèõ ïðîäóêò³â ïåðåâàæíî á³îõ³ì³÷íîãî ðîçêëà­äó â³äìåðëèõ çàëèøê³â îðãàí³çì³â


 

Durchtorfboden

marshy ground

sol tourbeux

ãðóíòû çàòîðôîâàííûå

 

Ïåñ÷àíûå, ïûëåâàòûå è ãëèíèñòûå ãðóíòû, ñîäåðæàùèå â ñâîåì ñîñòà­âå îò 10 äî 50 % (ïî ìàññå) îðãàíè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ

 

organischer Stoff

organic substance

matières organigues îðãàíè÷åñêîå âåùåñòâî

 

Îðãàíè÷åñêèå ñîåäèíåíèÿ, âõî­äÿùèå â ñîñòàâ ãðóíòà â âèäå íå­ðàçëîæèâøèõñÿ îñòàòêîâ ðàñòèòåëüíûõ è æèâîòíûõ îðãàíèçìîâ, à òàêæå ïðîäóêòîâ èõ ðàçëîæåíèÿ è ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ

 

Vegetationsrest

vegetable rest

restes végétation ðàñòèòåëüíûå îñòàòêè

 

Íåðàçëîæèâøèåñÿ ìåõàíè÷åñêèå âêëþ÷åíèÿ ðàñòåíèé

 

Humus gumus humus ãóìóñ

 

Ñëîæíûé àãðåãàò òåìíîîêðàøåí-íûõ àìôîðíûõ ïðîäóêòîâ ïðåèìó­ùåñòâåííî áèîõèìè÷åñêîãî ðàçëî­æåíèÿ îòìåðëûõ îðãàíèçìîâ


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

4 ÌÅÒÎÄÈ ËÀÁÎÐÀÒÎÐÍÎÃÎ ÂÈÇÍÀ×ÅÍÍß ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊ ÃÐÓÍÒ²Â

 


4.1   âîëîã³ñòü ãðóíòó                     de

en

fr

­ru

 

³äíîøåííÿ ìàñè âîäè ó îá'ºì³ ãðóíòó äî ìàñè öüîãî ãðóíòó, ÿêèé âèñóøåíî äî ïîñò³éíî¿ ìàñè

 

4.2   îïòèìàëüíà âîëîã³ñòü            de

en

fr

ru

 

Âîëîã³ñòü, ïðè ÿê³é äîñÿãàºòüñÿ ìàêñèìàëüíà ù³ëüí³ñòü ñêåëåòó ãðóíòó

 

4.3   ã³ãðîñêîï³÷íà âîëîã³ñòü         de

en

fr

ru

 

Âîëîã³ñòü ãðóíòó ó ïîâ³òðÿíî-ñóõîìó ñòàí³, òîáòî ó ñòàí³ ð³âíîâàãè ç âîëîã³ñòþ ³ òåìïå­ðàòóðîþ íàâêîëèøíüîãî ïîâ³òðÿ

 

4.4   ãðàíèöÿ òåêó÷îñò³                   de

en

fr

ru

 

Âîëîã³ñòü ãðóíòó, ïðè ÿê³é ãðóíò çíàõîäèòüñÿ íà ãðàíèö³ ïëàñòè÷íîãî ³ òåêó÷îãî ñòàí³â


Bodenfeuchtigkeit

humidity ground

humidité terrain

âëàæíîñòü ãðóíòà

 

Îòíîøåíèå ìàññû âîäû â îáúåìå ãðóíòà ê ìàññå ýòîãî ãðóíòà, âûñó­øåííîãî äî ïîñòîÿííîé ìàññû

 

 

optimale Feuchtigkeit

optimum humiditu

optimum humidité

îïòèìàëüíàÿ âëàæíîñòü

 

Âëàæíîñòü, ïðè êîòîðîé äîñòèãíóòà ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ ïëîò­íîñòü ñêåëåòà ãðóíòà

 

hygroskopische Feuchtigkeit waterabsorwing propetru humidité hydroscopigue humidité ãèãðîñêîïè÷åñêàÿ âëàæíîñòü

 

Âëàæíîñòü ãðóíòà â âîçäóøíî-ñóõîì ñîñòîÿíèè, ò.å. â ñîñòîÿíèè ðàâíîâåñèÿ ñ âëàæíîñòüþ è òåìïå­ðàòóðîé îêðóæàþùåãî âîçäóõà

 

Flüssigkeitsgrenze boundary fluidity limité fluidité

ãðàíèöà òåêó÷åñòè

 

Âëàæíîñòü ãðóíòà, ïðè êîòîðîé ãðóíò íàõîäèòñÿ íà ãðàíèöå ïëàñòè÷íîãî è òåêó÷åãî ñîñòîÿíèé


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 


 

4.5   ãðàíèöÿ ðîçêî÷óâàííÿ             de (ïëàñòè÷íîñò³)

en

fr

ru

 

 

Âîëîã³ñòü ãðóíòó, ïðè ÿê³é ãðóíò çíàõîäèòüñÿ íà ãðàíèö³ òâåðäîãî ³ ïëàñòè÷íîãî ñòàí³â

 

 

4.6   ù³ëüí³ñòü ãðóíòó                       de

en

fr

ru

 

Ìàñà îäèíèö³ îá'ºìó ãðóíòó

 

4.7   ù³ëüí³ñòü ñóõîãî ãðóíòó          de

en

fr

ru

 

³äíîøåííÿ ìàñè ãðóíòó, ç â³äðàõóâàííÿì ìàñè âîäè ³ ëüîäó â éîãî ïîðàõ, äî éîãî ïî÷àòêîâîãî îá'ºìó

 

4.8  ù³ëüí³ñòü ÷àñòî÷îê ãðóíòó      de

en

fr

ru

 

Ìàñà îäèíèö³ îá'ºìó òâåðäèõ (ñêåëåòíèõ) ÷àñòèíîê ãðóíòó

 

4.9  ãðàíèöÿ ì³öíîñò³                        de (òèì÷àñîâèé îï³ð)                      en

ïðè îäíîîñüîâîìó ñòèñíåíí³    fr

ru

 

 

 

Ñï³ââ³äíîøåííÿ ìàêñèìàëüíî¿ âåëè÷èíè íàâàíòàæåííÿ, ïðè ÿê³é â³äáóâàºòüñÿ çðóéíóâàííÿ çðàçêà ãðóíòó, äî ïëîù³ éîãî ïî÷àòêîâîãî ïîïåðå÷íîãî ïåðåð³çó


 

Grenze der Plastizität

(des Aufrollens)

boundary roll

limité dérouler (plasticité)

ãðàíèöà ðàñêàòûâàíèÿ

(ïëàñòè÷íîñòè)

 

Âëàæíîñòü ãðóíòà, ïðè êîòîðîé ãðóíò íàõîäèòñÿ íà ãðàíèöå òâåð­äîãî è ïëàñòè÷íîãî ñîñòîÿíèé

 

Bodendichte

compacten ground compacité terrain ïëîòíîñòü ãðóíòà

 

Ìàññà åäèíèöû îáúåìà ãðóíòà

 

Dichte des trockenen Bodens compacten arid ground compacité aridé terrain ïëîòíîñòü ñóõîãî ãðóíòà

 

Îòíîøåíèå ìàññû ãðóíòà, çà âû÷å­òîì ìàññû âîäû è ëüäà â åãî ïîðàõ, ê åãî ïåðâîíà÷àëüíîìó îáúåìó

 

Dichte der Bodenteilchen compacten fraction ground compacité partier terrain ïëîòíîñòü ÷àñòèö ãðóíòà

 

Ìàññà åäèíèöû îáúåìà òâåðäûõ (ñêåëåòíûõ) ÷àñòèö ãðóíòà

 

Bruchgrenze (Bruchfestigkeit)

failure limit

limité de rupture

ïðåäåë ïðî÷íîñòè (âðåìåííîå

ñîïðîòèâëåíèå) ïðè îäíîîñíîì

ñæàòèè

 

Îòíîøåíèå ìàêñèìàëüíîé íà­ãðóçêè, ïðè êîòîðîé ïðîèñõîäèò ðàçðóøåíèå îáðàçöà ãðóíòà, ê ïëî­ùàäè åãî ïåðâîíà÷àëüíîãî ïîïå­ðå÷íîãî ñå÷åíèÿ


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

 


4.10   íåäðåíîâàíå âèïðîáóâàííÿ

 

 

 

 

Âèïðîáóâàííÿ ãðóíòó äëÿ âèçíà÷åííÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ì³öíîñò³ ïðè â³äñóòíîñò³ âèòèñíåííÿ ïîðîâî¿ âîäè ³ç çðàçêà â ïðîöåñ³ âñüîãî âèïðî­áóâàííÿ

 

4.11   êîíñîë³äîâàíî-íåäðåíîâàíå âèïðîáóâàííÿ

 

 

 

 

Âèïðîáóâàííÿ äëÿ âèçíà÷åííÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ì³öíîñò³ ïðè â³äæèìàíí³ ïîðîâî¿ âîäè ³ç çðàçêà â ïðîöåñ³ óù³ëüíåííÿ ãðóíòó òà â³äñóòíîñò³ â³äæèìàííÿ ïðè âåðòèêàëüíî­ìó íàâàíòàæåíí³

 

4.12   äðåíîâàíå âèïðîáóâàííÿ

 

 

 

 

Âèïðîáóâàííÿ ãðóíòó äëÿ âèçíà÷åííÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ì³öíîñò³ ³ äåôîðìîâàíîñò³ ïðè â³äæèìàíí³ âîäè ³ç çðàçêà â ïðîöåñ³ âñüîãî âèïðîáóâàííÿ

 

4.13   ìîäóëü çðóøåííÿ


de   Undränageprobe

en   not drainage test

fr    non drainage épreuve

ru   íåäðåíèðîâàííîå èñïûòàíèå

 

Èñïûòàíèå ãðóíòà äëÿ îïðåäå­ëåíèÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ïðî÷íîñòè ïðè îòñóòñòâèè îòæàòèÿ ïîðîâîé âîäû èç îáðàçöà â ïðîöåññå âñåãî èñïûòàíèÿ

 

de  konsolidierte Undränageprobe

en  not drainage test

fr   non drainage épreuve

ru  êîíñîëèäèðîâàííî-

íåäðåíèðîâàííîå èñïûòàíèå

 

Èñïûòàíèå ãðóíòà äëÿ îïðåäå­ëåíèÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ïðî÷íîñòè ïðè îòæàòèè ïîðîâîé âîäû èç îáðàçöà â ïðîöåññå óïëîòíåíèÿ ãðóíòà è îòñóòñòâèè îòæàòèÿ ïðè ïðèëîæåíèè âåðòèêàëüíîé íà­ãðóçêè

 

de  Dränageprobe

en  drainage test

fr   drainage épreuve

ru   äðåíèðîâàííîå èñïûòàíèå

 

Èñïûòàíèå ãðóíòà äëÿ îïðåäå­ëåíèÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ïðî÷íîñòè è äåôîðìèðóåìîñòè ïðè îòæàòèè âîäû èç îáðàçöà â ïðîöåññå âñåãî èñïûòàíèÿ

 

de  Modul der Verschiebung

der Erdschichten

en   modulus of elasticity

fr    module de cisaillement

ru   ìîäóëü ñäâèãà


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

 


Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà äåôîðìîâà-íîñò³, ÿêó âèçíà÷àþòü ñï³ââ³ä­íîøåííÿì ³íòåíñèâíîñò³ äîòè­÷íèõ íàïðóæåíü äî ³íòåíñèâ­íîñò³ äåôîðìàö³é çðóøåíü

 

 

4.14  ìîäóëü îá'ºìíî¿             de äåôîðìàö³¿ (Ê)                       en

fr

 

ru

 

Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà äåôîðìîâà-íîñò³ ãðóíòó, ÿêó âèçíà÷àþòü ñï³ââ³äíîøåííÿì ñåðåäíüîãî íîðìàëüíîãî íàïðóæåííÿ äî îá'ºìíî¿ äåôîðìàö³¿

 

4.15   êîåô³ö³ºíò ñòèñíåííÿ           de

 

en

fr

ru

 

Ïîêàçíèê äåôîðìîâàíîñò³, ÿêèé õàðàêòåðèçóº îñ³äàííÿ ïëàñòè÷íî-ìåðçëîãî àáî â³äòàëîãî ãðóíòó ï³ä íàâàíòà­æåííÿì

 

4.16  êîåô³ö³ºíò â³äòàâàííÿ          de

en

fr

ru

 

Ïîêàçíèê äåôîðìóâàííÿ, ÿêèé õàðàêòåðèçóº îñ³äàííÿ ìåðçëî­ãî ãðóíòó ïðè éîãî â³äòàâàíí³ áåç íàâàíòàæåííÿ

 

4.17  ìîäóëü ë³í³éíî¿                      de

äåôîðìàö³¿ (Å)                       en

fr

ru

 


Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà äåôîðìèðóå-ìîñòè, îïðåäåëÿåìàÿ îòíîøåíèåì èíòåíñèâíîñòè êàñàòåëüíûõ íàïðÿ­æåíèé ê èíòåíñèâíîñòè äåôîð­ìàöèé ñäâèãà

 

Modul der Volumendeformation

modulus volume deformation

module de déformation

volumétrique

ìîäóëü îáúåìíîé äåôîðìàöèè (Ê)

 

Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà äåôîðìèðóåìîãî ãðóíòà, îïðåäåëÿåìàÿ îòíîøåíèåì ñðåäíåãî íîðìàëüíîãî íàïðÿ­æåíèÿ ê îáúåìíîé äåôîðìàöèè

 

 

Koeffizient der Kompressionsfähigkeit

coefficient compressibility

coefficient de compressibilité

êîýôôèöèåíò ñæèìàåìîñòè

 

Ïîêàçàòàëü äåôîðìèðóåìîñòè, õà­ðàêòåðèçóþùèé îñàäêó ïëàñòè÷íî-ìåðçëîãî èëè îòòàèâàþùåãî ãðóí­òà ïîä íàãðóçêîé

 

Koeffizient des Abtauens coefficient thaw out

coefficient de dégeler

êîýôôèöèåíò îòòàèâàíèÿ

 

Ïîêàçàòåëü äåôîðìèðóåìîñòè, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèé îñàäêó ìåðçëî­ãî ãðóíòà ïðè åãî îòòàèâàíèè áåç íàãðóçêè

 

Modul der Liniendeformation modulus linear deformation

module de linéaire déformation ìîäóëü ëèíåéíîé äåôîðìàöèè (Å)


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 


Ïîêàçíèê ë³í³éíî¿ äåôîðìîâà-íîñò³ ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòó, ÿêèé â³äîáðàæàº â³äíîøåííÿ íàïðó­æåííÿ äî â³äíîñíèõ ïîçäîâæí³õ äåôîðìàö³é, ùî ñïðè÷èíèëèñÿ

 

4.18   êîåô³ö³ºíò íåë³í³éíî¿           de äåôîðìàö³¿                             

en

fr

 

ru

 

 

Ïîêàçíèê, ÿêèé õàðàêòåðèçóº çàëåæí³ñòü äåôîðìàö³é ïîâçó­÷îñò³ ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòó â³ä íà­ïðóæåíü ³ ÷àñó

 

4.19   êîåô³ö³ºíò ïîïåðå÷íîãî       de ðîçøèðåííÿ                            en

fr

ru

 

 

Ïîêàçíèê äåôîðìîâàíîñò³, ÿêèé õàðàêòåðèçóº â³äíîøåííÿ ïîçäîâæí³õ ³ ïîïåðå÷íèõ äåôîðìàö³é ãðóíòó

 

4.20   êîåô³ö³ºíò â'ÿçêîñò³              de

en

fr

ru

 

Ïîêàçíèê äåôîðìîâàíîñò³, ÿêèé õàðàêòåðèçóº øâèäê³ñòü ïëàñòè÷íî-â'ÿçêî¿ ïëèííîñò³ (ó ñòà䳿 íåçàòóõàþ÷î¿ ïîâçó÷îñò³) ñèëüíîëüîäèñòîãî ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòó, çàëåæíèé â³ä ÷àñó 䳿 íàâàíòàæåíü ³ çíà÷åííÿ ì³íóñîâî¿ òåìïåðàòóðè ãðóíòó

 

 

4.21   åêâ³âàëåíòíå ç÷åïëåííÿ       de

en

fr

ru


Ïîêàçàòåëü ëèíåéíîé äåôîðìè-ðóåìîñòè ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòà, îòðàæà­þùèé îòíîøåíèå íàïðÿæåíèé ê âûçâàííûì îòíîñèòåëüíûì ïðî­äîëüíûì äåôîðìàöèÿì

 

Koeffizient der unlinearen

Deformation

coefficient in linear deformation

coefficient de in linéare

déformation

êîýôôèöèåíò íåëèíåéíîé

äåôîðìàöèè

 

Ïîêàçàòåëü, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèé çàâèñèìîñòü äåôîðìàöèé ïîëçó­÷åñòè ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòà îò íàïðÿ­æåíèé è âðåìåíè

 

Koeffizient der Quererweiterung coefficient cross boadening coefficient de transversal dilatation êîýôôèöèåíò ïîïåðå÷íîãî ðàñøèðåíèÿ

 

Ïîêàçàòåëü äåôîðìèðóåìîñòè, õà­ðàêòåðèçóþùèé îòíîøåíèå ïðî­äîëüíûõ è ïîïåðå÷íûõ äåôîð­ìàöèé ãðóíòà

 

Koeffizient Zähigkeit coefficient viscidity coefficient de viscosité êîýôôèöèåíò âÿçêîñòè

 

Ïîêàçàòåëü äåôîðìèðîâàíîñòè, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèé ñêîðîñòü ïëàñòè÷íî-âÿçêîãî òå÷åíèÿ (â ñòàäèè íåçàòóõàþùåé ïîëçó÷åñòè) ñèëüíîëüäèñòîãî ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòà, çàâèñÿùèé îò âðåìåíè äåéñòâèÿ íàãðóçêè è çíà÷åíèÿ ìèíóñîâîé òåìïåðàòóðû ãðóíòà

 

Äguivalent des Zusammenhaltes equivalent cohesion

équivalent adhérence

ýêâèâàëåíòíîå ñöåïëåíèå


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

 


Êîìïëåêñíà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ì³öíîñò³ ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòó, ùî âðàõîâóº ÿê âëàñíå ç÷åïëåííÿ, òàê ³ íàÿâí³ñòü âíóòð³øíüîãî òåðòÿ

 

4.22   îï³ð ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòó            de çðóøåííþ ïî ïîâåðõí³ çìåðçàííÿ ç ìàòåð³àëîì ôóíäàìåíòó(Raf)

en

 

 

fr

 

 

ru

 

 

 

Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ì³öíîñò³ ìåðç­ëîãî ãðóíòó, ÿêó âèçíà÷àþòü çíà÷åííÿì äîòè÷íîãî íàïðó­æåííÿ, ïðè ÿêîìó â³äáóâàºòüñÿ ðóéíóâàííÿ (çðóøåííÿ)

 

4.23   ïîâçó÷³ñòü                               de

en

fr

ru

 

Ðîçâèòîê äåôîðìàö³é ãðóíòó â ÷àñ³ ïðè íåçì³ííîìó íàïðó­æåíí³

 

4.24   ñòàä³ÿ íåçàòóõàþ÷î¿              de

 ïîâçó÷îñò³                             en

fr

ru

 

Ïðîöåñ äåôîðìóâàííÿ ãðóíòó ç ïîñò³éíîþ àáî íàðîñòàþ÷îþ øâèäê³ñòþ ïðè íåçì³ííîìó íà­ïðóæåíí³


Êîìïëåêñíàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ïðî÷íîñòè ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòà, ó÷èòûâàþùàÿ êàê ñîáñòâåííî ñöåïëåíèå, òàê è íàëè÷èå âíóòðåí­íåãî òðåíèÿ

 

Verdrängurgswiderstand des

gefrorenen Bodens gegen Verschiebung

an der Oberfläche des Gefrierens

mit dem Baumaterial des Fundaments

driving resistance frozen ground

of elastikity frost surface material

foundation

résistance du sol gelé

de cisaillement effet surface

matériaux-fondation

ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòà

ñäâèãó ïî ïîâåðõíîñòè ñìåðçàíèÿ

ñ ìàòåðèàëîì ôóíäàìåíòà (Raf)

 

Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ïðî÷íîñòè ìåðç­ëîãî ãðóíòà, îïðåäåëÿåìàÿ çíà­÷åíèåì êàñàòåëüíîãî íàïðÿæåíèÿ, ïðè êîòîðîì ïðîèñõîäèò ðàçðó­øåíèå (ñäâèã)

 

Kriechen creepind

fluage ïîëçó÷åñòü

 

Ðàçâèòèå äåôîðìàöèé ãðóíòà âî âðåìåíè ïðè íåèçìåííîì íàïðÿæåíèè

 

Stadium des kontinuierlichen Kriechens

stage nonattenuation creepind

stade de inodes fluage

ñòàäèÿ íåçàòóõàþùåé ïîëçó÷åñòè

 

Ïðîöåññ äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ ãðóíòà ñ ïîñòîÿííîé èëè óâåëè÷èâàþùåéñÿ ñêîðîñòüþ ïðè íåèçìåííîì íàïðÿ­æåíèè


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 


4.25   îï³ð çð³çó ãðóíòó                         de

en

fr

ru

 

Îï³ð çì³öíåííþ îäí³º¿ ÷àñòèíè ãðóíòó çà â³äíîøåííÿì äî éîãî äðóãî¿ ÷àñòèíè ï³ä 䳺þ ïîñòó­ïîâî çðîñòàþ÷îãî íàâàíòàæåí­íÿ, ùî õàðàêòåðèçóºòüñÿ âåëè÷èíîþ äîòè÷íîãî íàïðó­æåííÿ, ïðè ÿêîìó â³äáóâàºòüñÿ ðóéíóâàííÿ (çð³ç) ãðóíòó

 

4.26  ïðèëàä îäíîïëîùèííîãî çð³çó  de

en

fr

ru

 

Ïðèëàä, ÿêèé âèêîðèñòîâóºòü­ñÿ ïðè âèÿâëåíí³ îïîðó çð³çó ãðóíòó ïî çàô³êñîâàí³é ïëîùè­í³ øëÿõîì ïåðåì³ùåííÿ îäí³º¿ ÷àñòèíè çð³çíî¿ êîðîáêè â³äíîñíî ³íøî¿

 

4.27   ìåòîä êîíñîë³äîâàíîãî çð³çó    de

en

fr

ru

 

Âèïðîáóâàííÿ íà çð³ç ãðóíòó, ïîïåðåäíüî óù³ëüíåíîãî âåðòè­êàëüíèì íàâàíòàæåííÿì, ùî ïðîâîäèòüñÿ â óìîâàõ äðåíó­âàííÿ øëÿõîì ï³äâèùåííÿ çð³­çàþ÷îãî íàâàíòàæåííÿ ç òàêîþ øâèäê³ñòþ (ïîâ³ëüíå âèïðîáó­âàííÿ), ïðè ÿê³é çàáåçïå÷óºòüñÿ ïîâíà êîíñîë³äàö³ÿ ãðóíòó


Widerstand des Bodenschnittes resistance cut off

résistance de cisaillement terrain ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ñðåçó ãðóíòà

 

Ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ñìåùåíèþ îäíîé ÷àñòè ãðóíòà ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê åãî äðóãîé ÷àñòè ïîä äåéñòâèåì ïîñòå­ïåííî âîçðàñòàþùåé íàãðóçêè, õà­ðàêòåðèçóåìîå âåëè÷èíîé êàñà­òåëüíîãî íàïðÿæåíèÿ, ïðè êîòî­ðîì ïðîèñõîäèò ðàçðóøåíèå (ñðåç) ãðóíòà

 

Gerät des Schnittes

apparatus cut off

appareil de uniplain cisaillement

ïðèáîð îäíîïëîñêîñòíîãî ñðåçà

 

Ïðèáîð, ïðèìåíÿåìûé äëÿ îïðåäå­ëåíèÿ ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ ñðåçó ïî ôèêñèðîâàííîé ïëîñêîñòè ïóòåì ïåðåìåùåíèÿ îäíîé ÷àñòè ñðåçíîé êîðîáêè îòíîñèòåëüíî äðóãîé

 

Methode des konsolidierten Schnittes

method consolidation cut off

méthode de consolidé cisiallement ìåòîä êîíñîëèäèðîâàííîãî ñðåçà

 

Èñïûòàíèå íà ñðåç ãðóíòà, ïðåä­âàðèòåëüíî óïëîòíåííîãî âåðòè­êàëüíîé íàãðóçêîé, ïðîâîäèìîå â óñëîâèÿõ äðåíèðîâàíèÿ ïóòåì ïîâûøåíèÿ ñðåçàþùåé íàãðóçêè ñ òàêîé ñêîðîñòüþ (ìåäëåííîå èñïû­òàíèå), ïðè êîòîðîé îáåñïå÷èâàåò­ñÿ ïîëíàÿ êîíñîëèäàöèÿ ãðóíòà


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 


 

4.28   ìåòîä íåêîíñîë³äîâàíîãî           de çð³çó                                                en

 fr

 ru

 

Âèïðîáóâàííÿ íà çð³ç ãðóíòó (áåç ïîïåðåäíüîãî óù³ëüíåííÿ), ÿêå ïðîâîäèòüñÿ â óìîâàõ (ïðàêòè÷íî) â³äñóòíîñò³ äðåíó­âàííÿ øëÿõîì ïðèêëàäàííÿ âåðòèêàëüíîãî ³ çð³çàþ÷îãî íà­âàíòàæåííÿ ç òàêîþ øâèäê³ñòþ (øâèäêå âèïðîáóâàííÿ), ïðè ÿê³é çàáåçïå÷óºòüñÿ ïðàêòè÷íà íåçì³íí³ñòü ïî÷àòêîâèõ çíà­÷åíü ù³ëüíîñò³ ³ âîëîãîñò³ ãðóí­òó

 

4.29   óù³ëüíåííÿ ãðóíòó ïîïåðåäíº  de

en

fr

ru

 

Óù³ëüíåííÿ çàäàíèì âåðòè­êàëüíèì íàâàíòàæåííÿì ãðóí­òó äî ïîâíî¿ êîíñîë³äàö³¿, ÿêå âèïåðåäæàº âèïðîáóâàííÿ íà çð³ç

 

4.30   ñòàá³ë³çîâàíèé ñòàí                     de

en

fr

ru

 

Ñòàí ãðóíòó, ùî õàðàêòåðèçó­ºòüñÿ çàê³í÷åííÿì äåôîðìàö³¿ óù³ëüíåííÿ ï³ä ïåâíèì íàâàí­òàæåííÿì ³ â³äñóòí³ñòþ íàä­ëèøêîâîãî òèñêó ó ïîðîâ³é âîä³

 

4.31   íåñòàá³ë³çîâàíèé ñòàí                de

en

fr

ru


 

Methode des unkonsolidierten Schnittes method in non consolidation cut off méthode de ne consolidé cisiallement ìåòîä íåêîíñîëèäèðîâàííîãî ñðåçà

 

Èñïûòàíèå íà ñðåç ãðóíòà (áåç ïðåäâàðèòåëüíîãî óïëîòíåíèÿ), ïðîâîäèìîå â óñëîâèÿõ (ïðàêòè÷åñêè) îòñóòñòâèÿ äðåíèðîâàíèÿ ïóòåì ïðèëîæåíèÿ âåðòèêàëüíîé è ñðåçàþùåé íà­ãðóçêè ñ òàêîé ñêîðîñòüþ (áûñò­ðîå èñïûòàíèå), ïðè êîòîðîé îáåñ­ïå÷èâàåòñÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêàÿ íåèçìåí­íîñòü íà÷àëüíûõ çíà÷åíèé ïëîò­íîñòè è âëàæíîñòè ãðóíòà

 

vorläufige Bodendichtung

compaction ground preliminary

compactage du sol préliminaire

óïëîòíåíèå ãðóíòà ïðåäâàðèòåëüíîå

 

Óïëîòíåíèå çàäàííîé âåðòèêàëü­íîé íàãðóçêîé ãðóíòà äî ïîëíîé êîíñîëèäàöèè, ïðåäøåñòâóþùåå èñïûòàíèþ íà ñðåç

 

Stabilzustand

stabilization state

stabiliser état

ñòàáèëèçèðîâàííîå ñîñòîÿíèå

 

Ñîñòîÿíèå ãðóíòà, õàðàêòåðèçóå­ìîå îêîí÷àíèåì äåôîðìàöèè óï­ëîòíåíèÿ ïîä îïðåäåëåííîé íàã­ðóçêîé è îòñóòñòâèåì èçáûòî÷íî­ãî äàâëåíèÿ â ïîðîâîé âîäå

 

unstabiler Zustand

in stabilization state

nestabiliser état íåñòàáèëèçèðîâàííîå ñîñòîÿíèå


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 


Ñòàí ãðóíòó, ùî õàðàêòåðèçó­ºòüñÿ íåçàâåðøåí³ñòþ äåôîð­ìàö³é óù³ëüíåííÿ ï³ä ïåâíèì íàâàíòàæåííÿì ³ íàÿâí³ñòþ íàäëèøêîâîãî òèñêó ó ïîðîâ³é âîä³

 

4.32   êóò âíóòð³øíüîãî òåðòÿ           de

ãðóíòó                                                    en

fr

 ru

 

Êóò íàõèëó ïðÿìî¿ çàëåæíîñò³ îïîðó çð³çó ãðóíòó â³ä âåðòèêàëüíîãî íàâàíòàæåííÿ äî îñ³ àáñöèñ

 

4.33  âîëîã³ñòü íàáóõàííÿ (wÍ),        de ÷àñòêè îäèíèö³                         en

fr

ru

 

 

Âîëîã³ñòü, ÿêó îäåðæóþòü ï³ñëÿ çàâåðøåííÿ íàáóõàííÿ çðàçêà ãðóíòó, îáòèñêóâàíîãî â óìî­âàõ, ÿê³ âèêëþ÷àþòü ìîæëè­â³ñòü áîêîâîãî ðîçøèðåííÿ, çàäàíèì òèñêîì

 

4.34  âîëîã³ñòü íà ãðàíèö³ çñ³äàííÿ   de (W3), ÷àñòêè îäèíèö³               

en    

fr­

ru

 

 

Âîëîã³ñòü ãðóíòó ó ìîìåíò ð³çêîãî çìåíøåííÿ çñ³äàííÿ, ÿêà âèçíà÷àºòüñÿ çà òî÷êîþ ïåðåòèíó êðèâî¿ ãðàô³êà çàëåæ­íîñò³ çì³íè îá'ºìó çðàçêà ãðóí­òó (V) â³ä çì³íè âîëîãîñò³ (W) ïðè âèñèõàíí³


Ñîñòîÿíèå ãðóíòà, õàðàêòåðèçóå­ìîå íåçàâåðøåííîñòüþ äåôîð­ìàöèé óïëîòíåíèÿ ïîä îïðåäåëåí­íîé íàãðóçêîé è íàëè÷èåì èçáû­òî÷íîãî äàâëåíèÿ â ïîðîâîé âîäå

 

Winkel der innerlichen Bodenreibung angle inside friction

angle de frottement intérieur

óãîë âíóòðåííåãî òðåíèÿ ãðóíòà

 

Óãîë íàêëîíà ïðÿìîé çàâèñèìîñòè ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ ñðåçó ãðóíòà îò âåðòèêàëüíîé íàãðóçêè ê îñè àáñöèññ

 

Feuchtigkeit des Schwellens humidity swelling

humidité de gonflement âëàæíîñòü íàáóõàíèÿ (wí), äîëè åäèíèöû

 

Âëàæíîñòü, ïîëó÷åííàÿ ïîñëå çà­âåðøåíèÿ íàáóõàíèÿ îáðàçöà ãðóí­òà, îáæèìàåìîãî â óñëîâèÿõ, èñêëþ÷àþùèõ âîçìîæíîñòü áîêî­âîãî ðàñøèðåíèÿ, çàäàííûì äàâ­ëåíèåì

 

Feuchtigkeit an der Grenze der

Schrumpfung

humidity on limit strinkage

humidité en limité retrait

âëàæíîñòü íà ïðåäåëå óñàäêè (Wy),

äîëè åäèíèöû

 

Âëàæíîñòü ãðóíòà â ìîìåíò ðåçêî­ãî óìåíüøåíèÿ óñàäêè, îïðåäåëÿå­ìàÿ ïî òî÷êå ïåðåãèáà êðèâîé ãðàôèêà çàâèñèìîñòè èçìåíåíèÿ îáúåìà îáðàçöà ãðóíòà (V) îò èçìå­íåíèÿ âëàæíîñòè (W) ïðè âûñû­õàíèè


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 


4.35   òèñê íàáóõàíèÿ (Ðí),                 de

ÌÏà (êãñ/ñì2)                              en

 fr

ru

 

 

Òèñê íà çðàçîê ãðóíòó, ÿêèé âè­íèêຠïðè çàìî÷óâàíí³ ó ð³äèí³ ³ ñòèñíåíí³ â óìîâàì, ùî âè­êëþ÷àþòü ìîæëèâ³ñòü áîêîâî­ãî ðîçøèðåííÿ, ïðè ÿêîìó äå­ôîðìàö³¿ íàáóõàííÿ àáî ñòèñ-íåíÿ ãðóíòó äîð³âíþþòü íóëþ

 

4.36   òèñê íà çðàçîê ãðóíòó (P),         de ÌÏà (êãñ/ñì2 )                             en

fr

 ru

 

 

³äíîøåííÿ âåëè÷èíè íàâàíòà­æåííÿ, ÿêó ïðèêëàäåíî ÷åðåç øòàìï ïðèëàäó, äî ïëîù³ øòàìïó

 

4.37   íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó                       de

en

fr

ru

 

1. Âëàñòèâ³ñòü ãëèíèñòîãî ãðóí­òó çá³ëüøóâàòè ñâ³é îá'ºì ïðè âçàºìî䳿 éîãî ç âîäîþ àáî ³íøîþ ð³äèíîþ.

 

2. Ïðîöåñ çì³íè îá'ºìó ãðóíòó â ÷àñ³ ïðè éîãî âçàºìî䳿 ç âîäîþ àáî ³íøîþ ð³äèíîþ

 

4.38   íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó àáñîëþòíå   de

en

fr

ru

 

Çá³ëüøåííÿ âèñîòè çðàçêà ãðóí­òó â ïðîöåñ³ âèïðîáóâàííÿ ïðè âçàºìî䳿 ãðóíòó ç âîäîþ àáî ³íøîþ ð³äèíîþ


Druck des Schwellen

pressure swelling

pression de gonflement

äàâëåíèå íàáóõàíèÿ (Ðí), ÌÏà (êãñ/ñì2)

 

Äàâëåíèå íà îáðàçåö ãðóíòà, âîçíèêàþùåå ïðè çàìà÷èâàíèè æèäêîñòüþ è îáæàòèè â óñëîâèÿõ, èñêëþ÷àþùèõ âîçìîæíîñòü áîêî­âîãî ðàñøèðåíèÿ, ïðè êîòîðîì äå­ôîðìàöèè íàáóõàíèÿ èëè ñæàòèÿ ðàâíû íóëþ

 

Druck auf das Muster des Bodens pressure on standart ground

pression sur le éprouvette de terrain

äàâëåíèå íà îáðàçåö ãðóíòà (Ð), ÌÏà (êãñ/ñì2 )

 

Îòíîøåíèå âåëè÷èíû íàãðóçêè, ïðèëîæåííîé ÷åðåç øòàìï ïðèáîðà, ê ïëîùàäè øòàìïà

 

Schwellen des Bodens

swell ground

gonflement de sol íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà

 

1. Ñâîéñòâî ãðóíòà óâåëè÷èâàòü ñâîé îáúåì ïðè âçàèìîäåéñòâèè ñ âîäîé èëè äðóãîé æèäêîñòüþ.

 

 

2. Ïðîöåññ èçìåíåíèÿ îáúåìà âî âðåìåíè ïðè âçàèìîäåéñòâèè åãî ñ âîäîé èëè äðóãîé æèäêîñòüþ

 

absolutes Bodenschwellen

swell ground absolute

gonflement de sol absolu íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà àáñîëþòíîå

 

Óâåëè÷åíèå âûñîòû îáðàçöà ãðóí­òà â ïðîöåññå èñïûòàíèé ïðè âçàèìîäåéñòâèè ãðóíòà ñ âîäîé èëè äðóãîé æèäêîñòüþ


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

 


4.39   íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó â³äíîñíå    de

en

fr

ru

 

³äíîøåííÿ àáñîëþòíîãî íàáó­õàííÿ äî ïî÷àòêîâî¿ âèñîòè çðàçêà ãðóíòó

 

4.40   íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó ï³ä íàâàí-  de òàæåííÿì, ÷àñòêè îäèíèö³      en

fr

  ru

 

 

³äíîñíå íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó ïðè äàíîìó òèñêó íà çðàçîê

 

4.41   íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó â³ëüíå,       de ÷àñòêè îäèíèö³                         en

fr

ru

 

 

³äíîñíå íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó, îäåðæàíå ó ïðèëàäàõ òèïó ÏÍÃ, êîëè òèñêîì â³ä ìàñè øòàìïà ³ âèì³ðþâàëüíîãî îáëàäíàííÿ, ÿêùî â³í íå ïåðåâèùóº 0,006 ÌÏà (0,06 êãñ/ñì2), íåõòóþòü

 

4.42   ñòóï³íü òèñêó íà çðàçîê          de ãðóíòó                                         en

fr

 

ru

 

 

Âåëè÷èíà ïðèðîñòó òèñêó ïðè

ïåðåäà÷³ íàâàíòàæåííÿ ÷åðåç øòàìï íà çðàçîê ãðóíòó ï³ä ÷àñ âèïðîáóâàíü

 

4.43   çñ³äàííÿ ãðóíòó                        de

en

fr

ru

 


relatives Bodenschwellen

swell ground relative

gonflement de sol relatif

íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà îòíîñèòåëüíîå

 

Îòíîøåíèå àáñîëþòíîãî íàáó­õàíèÿ ê íà÷àëüíîé âûñîòå îáðàçöà ãðóíòà

 

Bodenschwellen unter dem Beladen swell ground unter boading gonflement de sol sous chargé íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà ïîä íàãðóçêîé, äîëè åäèíèöû

 

Îòíîñèòåëüíîå íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà ïðè äàííîì äàâëåíèè íà îáðàçåö

 

freies Bodenschwellen swell ground free gonflement libre

íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà ñâîáîäíîå, äîëè åäèíèöû

 

Îòíîñèòåëüíîå íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà, ïîëó÷åííîå â ïðèáîðàõ òèïà ÏÍÃ, êîãäà äàâëåíèåì îò ìàññû øòàìïà è èçìåðèòåëüíîãî îáîðóäîâàíèÿ, íå ïðåâûøàþùåì 0,006 ÌÏà (0,06 êãñ/ñì2) ïðèíåáðåãàþò

 

Druckstufe auf den Bodenmuster stage pressure an standart ground degré de pression sur le eprouvette de sol

ñòóïåíü äàâëåíèÿ íà îáðàçåö ãðóíòà

 

Âåëè÷èíà ïðèðàùåíèÿ äàâëåíèÿ ïðè ïåðåäà÷å íàãðóçêè ÷åðåç øòàìï íà îáðàçåö ãðóíòà âî âðåìÿ èñïûòàíèé

 

Bodensenkung shrinkage qround retrait du terrain óñàäêà ãðóíòà


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

 


1. Âëàñòèâ³ñòü ãëèíèñòîãî ãðóí­òó çìåíøóâàòè ñâ³é îá'ºì ïðè âèïàðîâóâàíí³ ç íüîãî âîëîãè

 

2. Ïðîöåñ çì³íè ë³í³éíèõ ðîçì³ð³â ³ îá'ºìó çðàçêà ãðóíòó â ÷àñ³ ïðè âèïàðîâóâàíí³ ç íüîãî âîëîãè

 

4.44   çñ³äàííÿ ãðóíòó àáñîëþòíå çà: de âèñîòîþ, ä³àìåòðîì, îá'ºìîì  en

fr

ru

 

 

Çìåíøåííÿ âèñîòè (h), ä³àìåòðà (d), îá'ºìó (V) çðàçêà ãðóíòó ï³ä ÷àñ âèïðîáóâàíü

 

4.45  çñ³äàííÿ ãðóíòó â³äíîñíå çà:   de âèñîòîþ (h), ä³àìåòðîì (d),    en îá'ºìîì (V)                                 fr

ru

 

 

³äíîøåííÿ àáñîëþòíîãî çñ³äàííÿ çðàçêà ãðóíòó çà âèñîòîþ, ä³àìåòðîì, îá'ºìîì äî ¿õ ïî÷àòêîâèõ ðîçì³ð³â â³äïîâ³äíî

 

4.46  òèñê ïî÷àòêîâèé ïðîñ³äàþ÷èé de

en

fr

ru

 

̳í³ìàëüíèé òèñê, ïðè ÿêîìó ïðîÿâëÿþòüñÿ ïðîñ³äàþ÷³ âëàñòèâîñò³ ãðóíòó ïðè éîãî ïîâíîìó âîäîíàñè÷åíí³

 

4.47   ïðîñ³äàííÿ â³äíîñíå                 de

en

fr

ru

 


1. Ñâîéñòâî ãëèíèñòîãî ãðóíòà óìåíüøàòü ñâîé îáúåì ïðè èñïà­ðåíèè èç íåãî âëàãè

 

2. Ïðîöåññ èçìåíåíèÿ ëèíåéíûõ ðàçìåðîâ è îáúåìà îáðàçöà ãðóíòà âî âðåìåíè ïðè èñïàðåíèè èç íåãî âëàãè

 

absolute Bodensenkung

shrinkage ground absolute

retrait du terrain absolu

óñàäêà ãðóíòà àáñîëþòíàÿ ïî:

âûñîòå, äèàìåòðó, îáúåìó

 

Óìåíüøåíèå âûñîòû (h), äèàìåòðà (d), îáúåìà (V) îáðàçöà ãðóíòà âî âðåìÿ èñïûòàíèé

 

relative Bodensenkung

shrinkage ground relative

retrait du terrain relatif

óñàäêà ãðóíòà îòíîñèòåëüíàÿ ïî:

âûñîòå (h), äèàìåòðó (d), îáúåìó (V)

 

Îòíîøåíèå àáñîëþòíîé óñàäêè îáðàçöà ãðóíòà ïî âûñîòå, äèàìåò­ðó, îáúåìó ê èõ ïåðâîíà÷àëüíûì ðàçìåðàì ñîîòâåòñòâåííî

 

senkender Anfangsdruk

pressure elementary

pression de initiale affaissemente äàâëåíèå íà÷àëüíîå ïðîñàäî÷íîå

 

Ìèíèìàëüíîå äàâëåíèå, ïðè êîòî­ðîì ïðîÿâëÿþòñÿ ïðîñàäî÷íûå ñâîéñòâà ãðóíòà ïðè åãî ïîëíîì âîäîíàñûùåíèè

 

relative Senkung

sagging relative

affaissement relatif ïðîñàäî÷íîñòü îòíîñèòåëüíàÿ


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

 


³äíîøåííÿ äîäàòêîâîãî çìåí­øåííÿ âèñîòè çðàçêà ãðóíòó âíàñë³äîê éîãî çàìî÷óâàííÿ ïðè ïåâíîìó âåðòèêàëüíîìó òèñêó äî âèñîòè çðàçêà ç ïðèðîäíîþ âîëîã³ñòþ ïðè ïðèðîäíîìó òèñêó íà ãëèáèí³ â³äáîðó çðàçêà

 

 

4.48  ñòèñíåííÿ çðàçêà ãðóíòó       de àáñîëþòíå

en fr

 

ru

 

Çìåíøåííÿ ïî÷àòêîâî¿ âèñîòè çðàçêà âíàñë³äîê óù³ëüíåííÿ ïðè ïåâíîìó âåðòèêàëüíîìó òèñêó

 

4.49   ñòèñíåííÿ çðàçêà ãðóíòó      de â³äíîñíå                                   

en

fr

 

ru

 

 

³äíîøåííÿ àáñîëþòíîãî ñòèñ­íåííÿ äî âèñîòè çðàçêà ç ïðè­ðîäíîþ âîëîã³ñòþ ïðè ïðèðîä-íüîìó òèñêó íà ãëèáèí³ â³äáîðó çðàçêà

 

4.50   ñòàá³ë³çàö³ÿ îñ³äàííÿ çðàçêà  de ãðóíòó óìîâíà                        

en

 

fr

 

ru


Îòíîøåíèå äîïîëíèòåëüíîãî óìåíüøåíèÿ âûñîòû îáðàçöà ãðóí­òà â ðåçóëüòàòå åãî çàìà÷èâàíèÿ ïðè îïðåäåëåííîì âåðòèêàëüíîì äàâëåíèè ê âûñîòå îáðàçöà ñ ïðèðîäíîé âëàæíîñòüþ ïðè ïðèðîäíîì äàâëåíèè íà ãëóáèíå îòáîðà îáðàçöà

 

absolutes Zusammenpressen des Bodenmusters

contensed standart ground absolute compressibilitéede eprouvette de terrain absolu

ñæàòèå îáðàçöà ãðóíòà àáñîëþòíîå

 

Óìåíüøåíèå ïåðâîíà÷àëüíîé âû­ñîòû îáðàçöà â ðåçóëüòàòå óïëîò­íåíèÿ ïðè îïðåäåëåííîì âåðòèêàëüíîì äàâëåíèè

 

relatives Zuzammenpressen des

Bodenmusters

contensed standart ground relative

compressibilité de eprouvette de

terrain relatif

ñæàòèå îáðàçöà ãðóíòà

îòíîñèòåëüíîå

 

Îòíîøåíèå àáñîëþòíîãî ñæàòèÿ ê âûñîòå îáðàçöà ñ ïðèðîäíîé âëàæ­íîñòüþ ïðè ïðèðîäíîì äàâëåíèè íà ãëóáèíå îòáîðà îáðàçöà

 

bedingte Stabilisierung des

Bodenmusters

stabilization shrinkage standart

condition

stabilisation de retrait de eprouvette

convenu

ñòàáèëèçàöèÿ îñàäêè îáðàçöà

ãðóíòà óñëîâíàÿ


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

 


Ïðèðîùåííÿ âåëè÷èíè îñ³äàííÿ çðàçêà ãðóíòó â ÷àñ³, ùî õàðàêòåðèçóº ïðàêòè÷íå çà­òóõàííÿ äîäàòêîâî¿ äåôîðìàö³¿ â³ä çàìî÷óâàííÿ (ïðîñ³äàííÿ)

 

4.51   ñòóï³íü òèñêó                                    de

en

fr

ru

 

Âåëè÷èíà çá³ëüøåííÿ òèñêó ïðè ïåðåäàâàíí³ íàâàíòàæåííÿ ÷åðåç øòàìï íà çðàçîê ãðóíòó

 

4.52   ãðàíóëîìåòðè÷íèé ñêëàä               de ãðóíòó                                                en

fr

ru

 

Âì³ñò çà ìàñîþ ãðóï ÷àñòèíîê (ôðàêö³é) ãðóíòó ð³çíî¿ âåëè÷èíè ïî â³äíîøåííþ äî çà­ãàëüíî¿ ìàñè àáñîëþòíî ñóõîãî ãðóíòó

 

4.53   ïîâ³òðÿíî-ñóõèé ñòàí ãðóíòó        de

en

fr

ru

 

Ñòàí ãðóíòó, âèñóøåíîãî íà ïîâ³òð³

 

 

4.54  ãðàíè÷íî ïóõêèé ñòàí ãðóíòó        de

en

fr

ru

 

Ñòàí ãðóíòó ïðè ì³í³ìàëüí³é ù³ëüíîñò³

 

4.55  ãðàíè÷íî ù³ëüíèé ñòàí ãðóíòó      de

en

fr

ru

 

Ñòàí ãðóíòó ïðè ìàêñèìàëüí³é ù³ëüíîñò³


Ïðèðàùåíèå âåëè÷èíû îñàäêè îá­ðàçöà ãðóíòà âî âðåìåíè,õàðàê­òåðèçóþùåå ïðàêòè÷åñêîå çàòó­õàíèå äîïîëíèòåëüíîé äåôîð­ìàöèè îò çàìà÷èâàíèÿ(ïðîñàäêè)

 

Druckstufe

stade pressure

degré de pression ñòóïåíü äàâëåíèÿ

 

Âåëè÷èíà ïðèðàùåíèÿ äàâëåíèÿ ïðè ïåðåäà÷å íàãðóçêè ÷åðåç øòàìï íà îáðàçåö ãðóíòà

 

Kornzusammensetzunq des Bodens qradinq ground

granulométrigue composition de terrain ãðàíóëîìåòðè÷åñêèé ñîñòàâ ãðóíòà

 

Ñîäåðæàíèå ïî ìàññå ãðóïï ÷àñòèö (ôðàêöèé) ãðóíòà ðàçëè÷íîé êðóïíîñòè ïî îòíî­øåíèþ ê îáùåé ìàññå àáñîëþòíî ñóõîãî ãðóíòà

 

dürrer Luftbodenzustand

air-dru state ground

sec a l'air état du terrain

âîçäóøíî-ñóõîå ñîñòîÿíèå ãðóíòà

 

Ñîñòîÿíèå ãðóíòà, âûñóøåííîãî íà âîçäóõå

 

locker Grenzbodenzustand

maximum-friable state ground maximum-meuble état de terrain ïðåäåëüíî ðûõëîå ñîñòîÿíèå ãðóíòà

 

Ñîñòîÿíèå ãðóíòà ïðè ìèíèìàëü­íîé ïëîòíîñòè

 

dichter Grenzbodenzustand

maximum-compact state ground maximum-compact etat terrain ïðåäåëüíî ïëîòíîå ñîñòîÿíèå ãðóíòà

 

Ñîñòîÿíèå ãðóíòà ïðè ìàêñèìàëü­íîé ïëîòíîñòè


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94


 

4.56   ì³êðîàãðåãàòíèé ñêëàä ãðóíòó   de

en

fr

ru

 

Âì³ñò çà ìàñîþ âîäîñò³éêèõ ì³êðîàãðåãàò³â ð³çíî¿ êðóïíîñò³ ïî â³äíîøåííþ äî çàãàëüíî¿ ìàñè àáñîëþòíî ñóõîãî ãðóíòó

 

4.57   ìàñà ãðóíòó                                    de

en

fr

ru

 

Âëàñòèâ³ñòü ò³ëà àáî ðå÷îâèíè, ùî õàðàêòåðèçóº ¿õ ³íåðö³éí³ñòü ³ çäàòí³ñòü ñòâîðþâàòè ãðàâ³òà­ö³éíå ïîëå

(ñêàëÿðíà âåëè÷èíà)

 

4.58    êîåô³ö³ºíò ïîðèñòîñò³                 de

en

fr

ru

 

³äíîøåííÿ îá'ºìó ïîð äî îá'ºìó òâåðäèõ ÷àñòî÷îê ãðóíòó


Mikroaggregatzustand des Bodens micro unit composition ground microagregat composition de terrain ìèêðîàãðåãàòíûé ñîñòàâ ãðóíòà

 

Ñîäåðæàíèå ïî ìàññå âîäîñòîéêèõ ìèêðîàãðåãàòîâ ðàçëè÷íîé êðóï­íîñòè ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê îáùåé ìàññå àáñîëþòíî ñóõîãî ãðóíòà

 

Masse des Bodens

mass ground

masse de terrain

ìàññà ãðóíòà

 

Ñâîéñòâî òåëà èëè âåùåñòâà, õà­ðàêòåðèçóþùåå èõ èíåðöèîííîñòü è ñïîñîáíîñòü ñîçäàâàòü ãðàâèòà­öèîííîå ïîëå

(ñêàëÿðíàÿ âåëè÷èíà)

 

Koeffizient der Porosität

coefficient porosity

coefficient de porosité

êîåôôèöèåíò ïîðèñòîñòè

 

Îòíîøåíèå îáúåìà ïîð ê îáúåìó òâåðäûõ ÷àñòèö ãðóíòà


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

  5    ÌÅÒÎÄÈ ÏÎËÜÎÂÎÃÎ ÂÈÇÍÀ×ÅÍÍß ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊ ÃÐÓÍÒ²Â

 


5.1   ö³ëèê ãðóíòó                             de

en

fr

ru

 

×àñòèíà ãðóíòó íåïîðóøåíîãî ñêëàäàííÿ öèë³íäðè÷íî¿ ôîðìè, ùî âèð³çàíà (ðîçêðèòà ïî áîêîâ³é ïîâåðõí³) â ìàñèâ³ òà ç'ºäíàíà ç íèì ïî ïëîùèí³ îñíîâè

 

5.2   ñòàòè÷íå çîíäóâàííÿ              de

en

fr

ru

 

Ïðîöåñc çàíóðåííÿ çîíäà â ãðóíò ñòàòè÷íèì âäàâëþþ÷èì íàâàíòàæåííÿì ç âèì³ðþâàí­íÿì ïîêàçíèê³â îïîðó ãðóíòó

 

5.3   òî÷êà âèïðîáóâàíü                 de (çîíäóâàííÿ)                             en

fr

ru

 

Ïóíêò (òî÷êà), â ÿêîìó ïëàíóºòüñÿ àáî ïðîâåäåíî âèïðîáóâàííÿ ãðóíò³â

 

5.4   çîíä                                            de

en

fr

ru

 

Îáëàäíàííÿ, ÿêå ñïðèéìຠîï³ð ãðóíòó â ïðîöåñ³ âäàâëþâàííÿ

 

 

5.5   âèì³ðþâàëüíå îáëàäíàííÿ    de

en

fr

ru


Bodenpfeiler

dumplinq ground

massif de terrain

öåëèê ãðóíòà

 

×àñòü ãðóíòà íåíàðóøåííîãî ñëî­æåíèÿ öèëèíäðè÷åñêîé ôîðìû, âû­ðåçàííàÿ (îáíàæåííàÿ ïî áîêîâîé ïîâåðõíîñòè) â ìàññèâå è ñîåäèíÿ­þùàÿñÿ ñ íèì ïî ïëîñêîñòè îñíî­âàíèÿ

 

statisches Sondieren

static explore

statique sondage

ñòàòè÷åñêîå çîíäèðîâàíèå

 

Ïðîöåññ ïîãðóæåíèÿ çîíäà â ãðóíò ñòàòè÷åñêîé âäàâëèâàþùåé íàãðóçêîé ñ èçìåðåíèåì ïîêàçàòå­ëåé ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ ãðóíòà

 

Punkt der Probe (Sondieren)

point test (explore)

point de essai (sondage)

òî÷êà èñïûòàíèé (çîíäèðîâàíèÿ)

 

Ïóíêò (òî÷êà), â êîòîðîé ïëàíèðóåòñÿ èëè ïðîâåäåíî èñïûòàíèå ãðóíòîâ

 

Sonde 

probe 

sonde  

çîíä

 

Óñòðîéñòâî, âîñïðèíèìàþùåå ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ãðóíòà â ïðîöåññå âäàâëèâàíèÿ

 

Meßgerät

measiring instrument

instrument de précision

èçìåðèòåëüíîå óñòðîéñòâî


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

 


Îáëàäíàííÿ, ÿêå ïåðåòâîðþº îï³ð ãðóíòó â ìåõàí³÷íèé àáî åëåêòðè÷íèé ñèãíàë

 

5.6   ïèòîìèé îï³ð ãðóíòó ï³ä íàêî-  de íå÷íèêîì (êîíóñîì) çîíäà

en

 

fr

 

ru

 

 

Îï³ð ãðóíòó íàêîíå÷íèêó (êîíó­ñó) çîíäà, â³äíåñåíîãî äî ïëîù³ îñíîâè íàêîíå÷íèêà (êîíóñà) çîíäà

 

 

5.7   ìàñèâ ãðóíòó                                 de

en

fr

ru

 

Âèçíà÷åíèé îá'ºì ãðóíòó ïðèðîäíîãî ñòàíó, ïðèçíà­÷åíèé äëÿ âèïðîáóâàíü íà çð³ç áåç áóð³ííÿ ñâåðäëîâèí òà ïðî­õîäêè ã³ðñüêèõ âèðîáîê

 

5.8   íîðìàëüíèé òèñê íà ãðóíò (P)   de

en

fr

ru

 

Òèñê íà ãðóíò, ùî ïðèêëàäà­þòü ïåðïåíäèêóëÿðíî ïëîùèí³ çð³çó

 

5.9   ç÷åïëåííÿ ãðóíòó ïèòîìå (Ñ)     de

en

fr

ru

 

Ïîêàçíèê ç÷åïëåííÿ ãðóíòó, ùî ÷èñåëüíî äîð³âíþº ïî÷àòêî­â³é ïîçèòèâí³é îðäèíàò³ ïðÿìî­ë³í³éíîãî ãðàô³êà çàëåæíîñò³ îïîðó ãðóíòó çð³çó (îðäèíàòà) â³ä íîðìàëüíîãî òèñêó (àáñöèñà)


Óñòðîéñòâî, ïðåîáðàçóþùåå ñî­ïðîòèâëåíèå ãðóíòà â ìåõàíè÷åñ­êèé èëè åëåêòðè÷åñêèé ñèãíàë

 

spezifischer Widerstand des Bodens unter der Spitze (Kegel) der Sonde spesifi resistance ground unter point (cone) probe

specifique résistance du terrain sous canule (cone) du sonde

óäåëüíîå ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ãðóíòà ïîä íàêîíå÷íèêîì (êîíóñîì) çîíäà

 

Ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ãðóíòà íàêî­íå÷íèêó (êîíóñó) çîíäà, îòíåñåí­íîå ê ïëîùàäè îñíîâàíèÿ íàêî­íå÷íèêà (êîíóñà) çîíäà

 

Bodenmassiv

massif ground

massif du terrain ìàññèâ ãðóíòà

 

Îïðåäåëåííûé îáúåì ãðóíòà ïðèðîäíîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ, ïðåäíàçíà­÷åííûé äëÿ èñïûòàíèÿ íà ñðåç áåç áóðåíèÿ ñêâàæèí è ïðîõîäêè ãîð­íûõ âûðàáîòîê

 

normaler Druck auf den Boden normal pressure on ground

normal pression sur le terrain íîðìàëüíîå äàâëåíèå íà ãðóíò (Ð)

 

Äàâëåíèå íà ãðóíò, ïðèëîæåííîå ïåðïåíäèêóëÿðíî ïëîñêîñòè ñðåçà

 

spezifischer Zusammenhalt des Bodens couple ground specific

adhérente du terrain srecifique ñöåïëåíèå ãðóíòà óäåëüíîå (Ñ)

 

Ïîêàçàòåëü ñöåïëåíèÿ ãðóíòà, ÷èñëåííî ðàâíûé íà÷àëüíîé ïîëîæèòåëüíîé îðäèíàòå ïðÿ­ìîëèíåéíîãî ãðàôèêà çàâèñèìîñòè ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ ãðóí­òà ñðåçó (îðäèíàòà) îò íîðìàëüíî­ãî äàâëåíèÿ (àáñöèñà)


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

 


5.10   ïîêàçíèê ñòðóêòóðíî¿ ì³öíîñò³   de ãðóíòó ïðè çð³ç³ñòð.)

en

 

fr

 

ru

 

 

Ïîêàçíèê õàðàêòåðó ñòðóê­òóðíèõ çâ'ÿçê³â ó ãðóíò³, ùî ÷èñåëüíî äîð³âíþº â³äíîøåí­íþ âåëè÷èíè ìàêñèìàëüíîãî òà óñòàëåíîãî îïîðó ãðóíòó çð³çó

 

5.11   ìåòîä îáåðòàëüíîãî çð³çó             de

en

fr

ru

 

Âèïðîáóâàííÿ íà çð³ç ãðóíòó, ùî ïðîâîäèòüñÿ â óìîâàõ ïðàê­òè÷íî¿ â³äñóòíîñò³ äðåíóâàííÿ øëÿõîì ïðèêëàäàííÿ ãîðèçîí­òàëüíîãî çð³çàþ÷îãî (äîòè÷íî­ãî) íàâàíòàæåííÿ òà çì³ùåííÿ ãðóíòó ïî öèë³íäðè÷í³é ïîâåðõ­í³, ÿêà óòâîðþòüñÿ îáåðòàííÿì êðèëü÷àòêè (ðîáî÷èé íàêîíå÷­íèê, ñêëàäåíèé ç 4-õ òîíêèõ ïðÿìîêóòíèõ ïîçäîâæí³õ ëîïà­òåé) íèæ÷å çàáîþ ñâåðäëîâèíè àáî â ìàñèâ³

 

5.12   ìåòîä ê³ëüöåâîãî çð³çó                  de

en

fr

ru


Kennziffer der Strukturhaltbarkeit des

Bodens unter dem Schnitt

index strukture durability ground in

cut off

indice de structure résistace de

terrain a la lisaillement

ïîêàçàòåëü ñòðóêòóðíîé ïðî÷íîñòè

ãðóíòà ïðè ñðåçå (Ïñòð.)

 

Ïîêàçàòåëü õàðàêòåðà ñòðóêòóð­íûõ ñâÿçåé â ãðóíòå, ÷èñëåííî ðàâ­íûé îòíîøåíèþ âåëè÷èí ìàêñèìàëüíîãî è óñòàíîâèâøåãî­ñÿ ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ ãðóíòà ñðåçó

 

Methode des Drehschnittes method rotatory cut off

méthode de rotatoire lisaillement ìåòîä âðàùàòåëüíîãî ñðåçà

 

Èñïûòàíèå íà ñðåç ãðóíòà, ïðî­âîäèìîå â óñëîâèÿõ ïðàêòè÷åñêî­ãî îòñóòñòâèÿ äðåíèðîâàíèÿ ïóòåì ïðèëîæåíèÿ ãîðèçîíòàëüíîé ñðå­çàþùåé (êàñàòåëüíîé) íàãðóçêè è ñìåùåíèå ãðóíòà ïî öèëèíäðè÷åñ­êîé ïîâåðõíîñòè, îáðàçóåìîé âðà­ùåíèåì êðûëü÷àòêè (ðàáî÷èé íà­êîíå÷íèê, ñîñòîÿùèé èç 4-õ òîí­êèõ ïðÿìîóãîëüíûõ ïðîäîëüíûõ ëîïàñòåé) íèæå çàáîÿ ñêâàæèíû èëè â ìàññèâå

 

 

Methode des Ringschnittes method annular cut off

méthode de circulaire lisaillement ìåòîä êîëüöåâîãî ñðåçà


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

 


Âèïðîáóâàííÿ íà çð³ç ãðóíòó, ïîïåðåäíüî óù³ëüíåíîãî àáî íåóù³ëüíåíîãî íîðìàëüíèì òèñêîì, ÿêå âïðîâàäæóºòüñÿ øëÿõîì ïðèêëàäàííÿ ãîðèçîí­òàëüíîãî çð³çàþ÷îãî (äîòè÷íî­ãî) íàâàíòàæåííÿ òà çì³ùåííÿ ãðóíòó ïî öèë³íäðè÷í³é ïîâåðõ­í³, ÿêà óòâîðþºòüñÿ ó ñâåðäëî­âèí³ îáåðòîì ðîáî÷îãî íàêî­íå÷íèêà ç ïîçäîâæí³ìè ëîïàñ­òÿìè

Èñïûòàíèå íà ñðåç ãðóíòà, ïðåä­âàðèòåëüíî óïëîòíåííîãî èëè íå­óïëîòíåííîãî íîðìàëüíûì äàâ­ëåíèåì, ïðîâîäèìîå ïóòåì ïðèëî­æåíèÿ ãîðèçîíòàëüíîé ñðåçàþùåé (êàñàòåëüíîé) íàãðóçêè è ñìåùå­íèÿ ãðóíòà ïî öèëèíäðè÷åñêîé ïîâåðõíîñòè, îáðàçóåìîé â ñêâà­æèíå âðàùåíèåì ðàáî÷åãî íàêî­íå÷íèêà ñ ïðîäîëüíûìè ëîïàñ­òÿìè


 

5.13   ìåòîä ïîñòóïîâîãî çð³çó         de

en

fr

ru

 

Âèïðîáóâàííÿ íà çð³ç ãðóíòó, ïîïåðåäíüî óù³ëüíåíîãî àáî íåóù³ëüíåíîãî íîðìàëüíèì òèñêîì, ùî âïðîâàäæóºòüñÿ øëÿõîì ïðèêëàäàííÿ âåðòè­êàëüíîãî çð³çàþ÷îãî (äîòè÷­íîãî) íàâàíòàæåííÿ òà çì³ùåí­íÿ ãðóíòó ïî áîêîâ³é ïîâåðõí³, ÿêà óòâîðþºòüñÿ ó ñâåðäëîâèí³ âåðòèêàëüíèì ïåðåì³ùåííÿì ðîáî÷îãî íàêîíå÷íèêà ³ç ïîïå­ðå÷íèìè ëîïàñòÿìè

 

5.14   ïðîíèêí³ñòü                              de

en

fr

ru

 

Âëàñòèâ³ñòü (çäàòí³ñòü) ãðóíòó ïðîïóñêàòè ð³äèíó àáî ãàç ï³ä 䳺þ òèñêó ÷è íàïîðó

 

5.15   âîäîïðîíèêí³ñòü                      de

en

fr

ru

 

Ïðîíèêí³ñòü ãðóíòó äëÿ âîäè


 

Methode des Vonwärtsschittes method progressive cut off méthode de progressif lisaillement ìåòîä ïîñòóïàòåëüíîãî ñðåçà

 

Èñïûòàíèå íà ñðåç ãðóíòà, ïðåä­âàðèòåëüíî óïëîòíåííîãî èëè íå­óïëîòíåííîãî íîðìàëüíûì äàâ­ëåíèåì, ïðîâîäèìîå ïóòåì ïðèëîæåíèÿ âåðòèêàëüíîé ñðåçàþ­ùåé (êàñàòåëüíîé) íàãðóçêè è ñìå­ùåíèÿ ãðóíòà ïî áîêîâîé ïîâåðõ­íîñòè, îáðàçóåìîé â ñêâàæèíå âåðòèêàëüíûì ïåðåìåùåíèåì ðàáî÷åãî íàêîíå÷íèêà ñ ïîïåðå÷­íûìè ëîïàñòÿìè

 

 

Durchlässigkeit permeability perspicacité ïðîíèöàåìîñòü

 

Ñâîéñòâî (ñïîñîáíîñòü) ãðóíòà ïðîïóñêàòü æèäêîñòü èëè ãàç ïîä äåéñòâèåì äàâëåíèÿ èëè íàïîðà

 

Wasserdurchlässigkeit permeable to water perméabilité de eau âîäîïðîíèöàåìîñòü

 

Ïðîíèöàåìîñòü ãðóíòà äëÿ âîäû


 


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 


5.16   êîåô³ö³ºíò â³äòàâàííÿ            de òà ñòèñêóâàííÿ

en

fr

 

ru

 

 

Õàðàêòåðèñòèêè äåôîðìàö³é ðîçìîðîæóâàëüíîãî ãðóíòó

 

5.17   òèñê ïðèðîäíèé ó ãðóíò³        de

en

fr

ru

 

Âåðòèêàëüíèé òèñê ó ìàñèâ³ ãðóíò³â íà äàí³é ãëèáèí³, çà­ëåæíèé â³ä âàãè âèùå ëåæà÷èõ øàð³â ãðóíòó

 

5.18   óìîâíà ñòàá³ë³çàö³ÿ îñ³äàííÿ de

en

fr

 

ru

 

Ïðèðîùóâàííÿ âåëè÷èíè îñ³­äàííÿ øòàìïà â ÷àñ³, ÿêå õàðàê­òåðèçóº ïðàêòè÷íå çàòóõàííÿ äåôîðìàö³é ãðóíòó â îñíîâ³ øòàìïà

 

5.19   ÷àøà â³äòàâàííÿ                      de

en

fr

ru

 

Êîíòóð (îá'ºì) â³äòàëîãî ï³ä øòàìïîì ãðóíòó

 

5.20   øàð ñåçîííîãî â³äòàâàííÿ     de

en

fr

ru

 

Ïîâåðõíåâèé øàð ãðóíòó, ùî ðîçìåðçàºòüñÿ â ïåð³îä ïëþñîâèõ òåìïåðàòóð ïîâ³òðÿ ³ ï³äñòåëåíèé â³÷íîìåðçëèì ãðóíòîì


Koeffizient der Abtauens und der Kompressionsfähigkeit

coefficient thaw out and condensability coefficient de dégèlement et compressibilité

êîýôôèöèåíò îòòàèâàíèÿ è ñæèìàåìîñòè

 

Õàðàêòåðèñòèêè äåôîðìàöèé îòòàèâàþùåãî ãðóíòà

 

natürlicher Druck im Boden pressure natural in ground

pression naturel dans terrain äàâëåíèå ïðèðîäíîå â ãðóíòå

 

Âåðòèêàëüíîå äàâëåíèå â ìàññèâå ãðóíòîâ íà äàííîé ãëóáèíå, çàâèñèìîå îò âåñà âûøå ëåæàùèõ ñëîåâ ãðóíòà

 

bedingte Stabilisierung der Senkung

conditional stabilisation shrinkage

conditionnel stabilisation

de affaissement

óñëîâíàÿ ñòàáèëèçàöèÿ îñàäêè

 

Ïðèðàùåíèå âåëè÷èíû îñàäêè øòàìïà âî âðåìåíè, õàðàêòåðèçóþ­ùåå ïðàêòè÷åñêîå çàòóõàíèå äå­ôîðìàöèé ãðóíòà â îñíîâàíèè øòàìïà

 

Becher des Abtauens cup thaw aut

coupe de dégèlement

÷àøà îòòàèâàíèÿ

 

Êîíòóð (îáúåì) îòòàÿâøåãî ïîä øòàìïîì ãðóíòà

 

Schicht des Saisonabtauens stratum seasonal thaw aut couche de saison dégèlement ñëîé ñåçîííîãî îòòàèâàíèÿ

 

Ïîâåðõíîñòíûé ñëîé ãðóíòà, îòòàèâàþùèé â ïåðèîä ïëþñîâûõ òåìïåðàòóð âîçäóõà è ïîäñòèëàå­ìûé âå÷íîìåðçëûì ãðóíòîì


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

 


5.21   ãëèáèíà ñåçîííîãî â³äòàâàííÿ       de

en

fr

ru

 

Íàéá³ëüøà ãëèáèíà ñåçîííîãî â³äòàâàííÿ çà ð³ê

 

5.22  ãëèáèíà â³äòàâàííÿ                          de

en

fr

ru

 

Ãëèáèíà øàðó ñåçîííîãî â³äòà­âàííÿ ï³ä ÷àñ âèì³ðþâàíü

 

5.23   òåïëîïðîâ³äí³ñòü ãðóíòó                 de

en

fr

ru

 

Òåïëîô³çè÷íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ãðóíòó, ùî âèçíà÷ຠéîãî âëàñ­òèâ³ñòü ïðîâîäèòè òåïëî òà ÷èñåëüíî äîð³âíþº ù³ëüíîñò³ òåïëîâîãî ïîòîêó â íüîìó ïðè ãðà䳺íò³ òåìïåðàòóð, ùî äîð³â­íþº îäèíèö³

 

5.24  ìåòîä ñòàö³îíàðíîãî         de òåïëîâîãî ðåæèìó

en

fr

 

ru

 

 

Ìåòîä âèçíà÷åííÿ òåïëîïðîâ³ä­íîñò³ ãðóíòó çà âèì³ðÿíèì ïðè âèïðîáîâóâàíí³ óñòàëåíèì (íå­çì³ííèì â ÷àñ³) òåïëîâèì ïîòî­êîì ÷åðåç äîñë³äæóâàíèé çðà­çîê ïðè

ïîñò³éíèõ òåìïåðàòó­ðàõ òà éîãî ïðîòèëåæíèõ ïîâåðõíÿõ


Tiefe des Saisonabtauens

depth seasonal thaw aut profondeur de saison dégèlement ãëóáèíà ñåçîííîãî îòòàèâàíèÿ

 

Íàèáîëüøàÿ ãëóáèíà ñåçîííîãî îòòàèâàíèÿ çà ãîä

 

Tiefe des Abtauens

depth thow aut

profondeur de dégèlement

ãëóáèíà îòòàèâàíèÿ

 

Ãëóáèíà ñëîÿ ñåçîííîãî îòòàèâàíèÿ â ìîìåíò èçìåðåíèé

 

Wärmeleitung des Bodens

neat conductibility ground conductibilité de terrain òåïëîïðîâîäíîñòü ãðóíòà

 

Òåïëîôèçè÷åñêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ãðóíòà, îïðåäåëÿþùàÿ åãî ñïîñîá­íîñòü ïðîâîäèòü òåïëî è ÷èñëåííî ðàâíàÿ ïëîòíîñòè òåïëîâîãî ïîòî­êà â íåì ïðè ãðàäèåíòå òåìïåðà­òóð ðàâíîì åäèíèöå

 

Methode des stationären

Wärmeregimes

method stationary thermal regime

méthode de stationaire thermique

régime

ìåòîä ñòàöèîíàðíîãî òåïëîâîãî

ðåæèìà

 

Ìåòîä îïðåäåëåíèÿ òåïëîïðîâîä­íîñòè ãðóíòà ïî èçìåðåííîìó ïðè èñïûòàíèè óñòàíîâèâøåìóñÿ (íåèçìåííîìó âî âðåìåíè) òåïëî­âîìó ïîòîêó ÷åðåç èññëåäóåìûé îáðàçåö ïðè ïîñòîÿííûõ òåìïåðà­òóðàõ è åãî ïðîòèâîïîëîæíûõ ïîâåðõíîñòÿõ


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

 

Àáåòêîâèé ïîêàæ÷èê óêðà¿íñüêèõ òåðì³í³â

 

âèïðîáóâàííÿ äðåíîâàíå ...................................................................... 4.12

âèïðîáóâàííÿ êîíñîë³äîâàíî-íåäðåíîâàíå ........................................ 4.11

âèïðîáóâàííÿ íåäðåíîâàíå .................................................................. 4.10

âîäîïðîíèêí³ñòü .................................................................................... 5.15

âîëîã³ñòü ã³ãðîñêîï³÷íà ........................................................................ 4.3

âîëîã³ñòü ãðóíòó .................................................................................... 4.1

âîëîã³ñòü íàáóõàííÿ (Wh), ÷àñòêè îäèíèö³ ........................................ 4.33

âîëîã³ñòü íà ãðàíèö³ çñ³äàííÿ (Wç), ÷àñòêè îäèíèö³ ......................... 4.34

âîëîã³ñòü îïòèìàëüíà ............................................................................ 4.2

ãàëüêà ...................................................................................................... 3.8

ãëèáèíà â³äòàâàííÿ ................................................................................ 5.22

ãëèáèíà ñåçîííîãî â³äòàâàííÿ .............................................................. 5.21

ãðàâ³é ...................................................................................................... 3.10

ãðàíèöÿ ì³öíîñò³ (òèì÷àñîâèé îï³ð) ïðè îäíîîñüîâîìó ñòèñíåíí³... 4.9

ãðàíèöÿ òåêó÷îñò³ ................................................................................... 4.4

ãðàíèöÿ ðîçêî÷óâàííÿ (ïëàñòè÷íîñò³) .................................................. 4.5

ãðóíò ........................................................................................................ 3.1; 3.20

ãðóíò â³÷íîìåðçëèé ................................................................................ 3.15

ãðóíò çâ'ÿçíèé ......................................................................................... 3.6

ãðóíòè çàòîðôîâàí³ ................................................................................ 3.24

ãðóíò ìåðçëèé ......................................................................................... 3.14

ãðóíò ìîðîçíèé . ..................................................................................... 3.16

ãðóíò íàï³âñêåëüíèé ............................................................................... 3.13

ãðóíò íåçâ'ÿçíèé ...................................................................................... 3.7

ãðóíò ïëàñòè÷íîìåðçëèé ........................................................................ 3.18

ãðóíò ñèïêîìåðçëèé ................................................................................ 3.19

ãðóíò òâåðäîìåðçëèé ............................................................................... 3.17

ãðóíòè øòó÷í³ ........................................................................................... 3.2

ãóìóñ .......................................................................................................... 3.27

æîðñòâà ...................................................................................................... 3.11

çîíä ............................................................................................................. 5.4

çîíäóâàííÿ ñòàòè÷íå ................................................................................. 5.2


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

 

çñ³äàííÿ ãðóíòó .......................................................................................... 4.43

çñ³äàííÿ ãðóíòó àáñîëþòíå çà: âèñîòîþ, ä³àìåòðîì, îá'ºìîì ............... 4.44

çñ³äàííÿ ãðóíòó â³äíîñíå çà:

âèñîòîþ (h), ä³àìåòðîì (d), îá'ºìîì (V).................................................. 4.45

ç÷åïëåííÿ åêâ³âàëåíòíå ............................................................................ 4.21

ç÷åïëåííÿ ãðóíòó ïèòîìå (Ñ) ................................................................... 5.9

êîåô³ö³ºíò â³äòàâàííÿ ............................................................................... 4.16

êîåô³ö³ºíò â³äòàâàííÿ òà ñòèñêóâàííÿ .................................................... 5.16

êîåô³ö³ºíò â'ÿçêîñò³ ................................................................................... 4.20

êîåô³ö³ºíò íåë³í³éíî¿ äåôîðìàö³¿ ............................................................ 4.18

êîåô³ö³ºíò ïîïåðå÷íîãî ðîçøèðåííÿ ...................................................... 4.19

êîåô³ö³ºíò ïîðèñòîñò³ ............................................................................... 4.58

êîåô³ö³ºíò ñòèñíåííÿ ................................................................................ 4.15

êóò âíóòð³øíüîãî òåðòÿ ãðóíòó . .............................................................. 4.32

ìàñà ãðóíòó ................................................................................................ 4.57

ìàñèâ ãðóíòó .............................................................................................. 5.7

ìåòîä ê³ëüöåâîãî çð³çó .............................................................................. 5.12

ìåòîä êîíñîë³äîâàíîãî çð³çó .................................................................... 4.27

ìåòîä íåêîíñîë³äîâàíîãî çð³çó ................................................................ 4.28

ìåòîä îáåðòàëüíîãî çð³çó ......................................................................... 5.11

ìåòîä ïîñòóïîâîãî çð³çó ........................................................................... 5.13

ìåòîä ñòàö³îíàðíîãî òåïëîâîãî ðåæèìó ................................................. 5.24

ìîäóëü çðóøåííÿ ....................................................................................... 4.13

ìîäóëü ë³í³éíî¿ äåôîðìàö³¿ (Å) ............................................................... 4.17

ìîäóëü îá'ºìíî¿ äåôîðìàö³¿ (Ê) .............................................................. 4.14

ìóë .............................................................................................................. 3.21

íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó ...................................................................................... 4.37

íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó àáñîëþòíå ................................................................... 4.38

íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó â³äíîñíå ...................................................................... 4.39

íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó â³ëüíå, ÷àñòêè îäèíèö³ .............................................. 4.41

íàáóõàííÿ ãðóíòó ï³ä íàâàíòàæåííÿì, ÷àñòêè îäèíèö³ ........................ 4.40

íåñòàá³ë³çîâàíèé ñòàí ............................................................................... 4.31

îáëàäíàííÿ âèì³ðþâàëüíå ........................................................................ 5.5

îï³ð ãðóíòó ïèòîìèé ï³ä íàêîíå÷íèêîì (êîíóñîì) çîíäà ..................... 5.6


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

 

îï³ð çð³çó ãðóíòó ........................................................................................ 4.25

îï³ð ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòó çðóøåííþ ïî ïîâåðõí³ çìåðçàííÿ

ç ìàòåð³àëîì ôóíäàìåíòó (Raf) ................................................................ 4.22

îðãàí³÷íà ðå÷îâèíà .................................................................................... 3.25

ïèë ............................................................................................................... 3.12

ïîâçó÷³ñòü ................................................................................................... 4.23

ïîêàçíèê ñòðóêòóðíî¿ ì³öíîñò³ ãðóíòó ïðè çð³ç³ (Ïcòð.) ......................... 5.10

ïðèëàä îäíîïëîùèííîãî çð³çó ................................................................. 4.26

ïðîíèêí³ñòü ................................................................................................ 5.14

ïðîñ³äàííÿ â³äíîñíå .................................................................................. 4.47

ïóõê³ ãðóíòè ............................................................................................... 3.5

ðîñëèíí³ çàëèøêè ...................................................................................... 3.26

ñàïðîïåëü ................................................................................................... 3.22

ñêëàä ãðóíòó ãðàíóëîìåòðè÷íèé ............................................................. 4.52

ñêëàä ãðóíòó ì³êðîàãðåãàòíèé ................................................................. 4.56

ñòàá³ë³çàö³ÿ îñ³äàííÿ çðàçêà ãðóíòó óìîâíà ........................................... 4.50

ñòàá³ë³çîâàíèé ñòàí ................................................................................... 4.30

ñòàä³ÿ íåçàòóõàþ÷î¿ ïîâçó÷îñò³ ............................................................... 4.24

ñòàí ãðóíòó ãðàíè÷íî ïóõêèé .................................................................. 4.54

ñòàí ãðóíòó ãðàíè÷íî ù³ëüíèé ................................................................ 4.55

ñòàí ãðóíòó ïîâ³òðÿíî-ñóõèé ................................................................... 4.53

ñòèñíåííÿ çðàçêà ãðóíòó àáñîëþòíå ........................................................ 4.48

ñòèñíåííÿ çðàçêà ãðóíòó â³äíîñíå ........................................................... 4.49

ñòðóêòóðà ãðóíòó ....................................................................................... 3.3

ñòóï³íü òèñêó .............................................................................................. 4.51

ñòóï³íü òèñêó íà çðàçîê ãðóíòó ................................................................. 4.42


òåïëîïðîâ³äí³ñòü ãðóíòó ............................................................................ 5.23

òåêñòóðà ãðóíòó ........................................................................................... 3.4

òèñê íàáóõàííÿ (Ðí), ÌÏà (êãñ/ñì2) .......................................................... 4.35

òèñê íà ãðóíò íîðìàëüíèé (Ð) .................................................................... 5.8

òèñê íà çðàçîê ãðóíòó (Ð), ÌÏà (êãc/ñì2) .................................................. 4.36

òèñê ïî÷àòêîâèé ïðîñ³äàþ÷èé .................................................................... 4.46

òèñê ïðèðîäíèé ó ãðóíò³ ............................................................................. 5.17

òîðô ............................................................................................................... 3.28


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

 

òî÷êà âèïðîáóâàíü (çîíäóâàííÿ) ........................................................... 5.3

óìîâíà ñòàá³ë³çàö³ÿ îñ³äàííÿ ................................................................. 5.18

óù³ëüíåííÿ ãðóíòó ïîïåðåäíº ............................................................... 4.29

ö³ëèê ãðóíòó ............................................................................................ 5.1

÷àøà â³äòàâàííÿ ...................................................................................... 5.19

øàð ñåçîííîãî â³äòàâàííÿ ...................................................................... 5.20

ùåá³íü ...................................................................................................... 3.9

ù³ëüí³ñòü ãðóíòó ..................................................................................... 4.6

ù³ëüí³ñòü ñóõîãî ãðóíòó ........................................................................ 4.7

ù³ëüí³ñòü ÷àñòî÷îê ãðóíòó ..................................................................... 4.8


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

Àáåòêîâèé ïîêàæ÷èê í³ìåöüêèõ òåðì³í³â

absolute Bodensenkung ..................................................................... 4.44

absolutes Bodenschwellen ................................................................. 4.38

absolutes Zusammenpressen des Bodenmusters ................................ 4.48

Äguivalent des Zusammenhaltes ........................................................ 4.21

bedingte Stabilisierung des Bodenmusters ......................................... 4.50

bedingte Stabilisierung der Senkung .................................................. 5.18

Becher des Abtauens ........................................................................... 5.19

Boden .................................................................................................. 3.1; 3.20

Bodendichte ......................................................................................... 4.6

Bodenmassiv ....................................................................................... 5.7

Bodenmaserund ................................................................................... 3.4

Bodenfeuchtigkeit ............................................................................... 4.1

Bodensenkung ..................................................................................... 4.43

Bodenstruktur ...................................................................................... 3.3

Bodenschwellen unter dem Beladen ................................................... 4.40

Bodenpfeiler ........................................................................................ 5.1

Bruchgrenze (Bruchfestigkeit) ............................................................ 4.9

Dauerfrostboden .................................................................................. 3.15

Durchtorfboden ................................................................................... 3.24

Durchlässigkeit .................................................................................... 5.14

dürrer Zuftbodenzustand ...................................................................... 4.53

Dichte der Bodenteilchen ..................................................................... 4.8

Dichte des trockenen Bodens ............................................................... 4.7

dichter Grenzbodenzustand .................................................................. 4.55

Dränageprobe ....................................................................................... 4.12

Druckstufe ............................................................................................ 4.51

Druck des Schwellen ............................................................................ 4.35

Druck auf das Muster des Bodens ........................................................ 4.36

Druckstufe auf den Bodenmuster ......................................................... 4.42

Feuchtigkeit des Schwellens ................................................................. 4.33

Feuchtigkeit an der Grenze der Schrumpfung ...................................... 4.34

frostiger Boden ..................................................................................... 3.16


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

freies Bodenschwellen ....................................................................... 4.41

Flüssigkeitsgrenze .............................................................................. 4.4

Gerät des Schnittes ............................................................................. 4.26

gefrorener Boden ................................................................................ 3.14

Grenze der Plastizität (des Aufrollens) ............................................... 4.5

halbfelsiger Boden .............................................................................. 3.13

hartgefrorener Boden .......................................................................... 3.17

hygroskopische Feuchtigkeit .............................................................. 4.3

Humus ................................................................................................ 3.27

Kennziffer der Strukturhaltbarkeit des Bodens unter dem Schnitt ..... 5.10

Kies ..................................................................................................... 3.10

Kiessand .............................................................................................. 3.11

Kieselsteine ......................................................................................... 3.8

Koeffizient des Abtauens .................................................................... 4.16

Koeffizient des Abtauens und der Kompressionsfähigkeit ................. 5.16

Koeffizient der Kompressionsfähigkeit .............................................. 4.15

Koeffizient der unlinearen Deformation ............................................. 4.18

Koeffizient der Quererweiterung ........................................................ 4.19

Koeffizient der Porosität .................................................................... 4.58

Koeffizient Zähigkeit ......................................................................... 4.20

konsolidierte Undränageprobe ........................................................... 4.11

Kornzusammensetzng des Bodens ..................................................... 4.52

Kreichen ............................................................................................. 4.23

Kunstboden ........................................................................................ 3.2

lockerer Boden ................................................................................... 3.5

loker Boden ........................................................................................ 3.6

locker Grenzbodenzustand ................................................................. 4.54

Masse des Bodens .............................................................................. 4.57

Meßgerät ............................................................................................ 5.5

Methode des Drehschnittes ................................................................ 5.11

Methode des Ringschnittes ................................................................ 5.12

Methode des Vonwärtsschittes .......................................................... 5.13

Methode des stationären Wärmeregimes ........................................... 5.24

Methode des konsolidierten Schnittes ............................................... 4.27


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

Methode des unkonsolidierten Schnittes ............................................ 4.28

Mikroaggregatzustand des Bodens ..................................................... 4.56

Modul der Verschiebung der Erdschihten .......................................... 4.13

Modul der Liniendeformation ............................................................ 4.17

Modul der Volumendeformation ........................................................ 4.14

natürlicher Druck im Boden ............................................................... 5.17

normaler Druck auf den Boden .......................................................... 5.8

organischer Stoff ................................................................................ 3.25

optimale Feuchtigkeit ......................................................................... 4.2

Plastischgefrorenerboden ................................................................... 3.18

Punkt der Probe (Sondieren) .............................................................. 5.3

relatives Bodenschwellen ................................................................... 4.39

relative Bodensenkung ....................................................................... 4.45

relatives Zusammenpressen des Bodenmusters ................................. 4.49

relative Senkung ................................................................................. 4.47

Sapropel .............................................................................................. 3.22

senkender Anfargsdruck ..................................................................... 4.46

Schuttgefrorenerboden ....................................................................... 3.19

Schwellen des Bodens ........................................................................ 4.37

Schicht des Saisonabtauens ................................................................ 5.20

Schlamm ............................................................................................. 3.21

Sonde .................................................................................................. 5.4

spezifischer Widerstand des Boden unter

der Spitze (Kegel) der Sonde .............................................................. 5.6

spezifischer Zusammenhalt des Bodens ............................................. 5.9

Splitt, Schotter, Steinschutt ................................................................ 3.9

Stabilzustand ...................................................................................... 4.30

Staub ................................................................................................... 3.12

Stadium des kontinuierlichen Kriechens ............................................ 4.24

statisches Sondieren ............................................................................ 5.2

Tiefe des Saisonabtauens .................................................................... 5.21

Tiefe des Abtauens .............................................................................. 5.22

Torf ...................................................................................................... 3.23

Undränageprobe ................................................................................... 4.10


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

unstabilenzustand ................................................................................ 4.31

unzusammen hängen der Boden .......................................................... 3.7

Vegetationsrest ..................................................................................... 3.26

Verdrängurgswiderstand des gefrorenen Bodens gegen

Verschiebung an der Oberfläche des Gefrierens mit dem

Baumaterial des Fundaments ............................................................... 4.22

Vorläufige Bodendichtung ................................................................... 4.29

Wasserdurchlässigkeit .......................................................................... 5.15

Wärmeleitung des Bodens .................................................................... 5.23

Widerstand des Bodenschnittes ............................................................ 4.25

Winkel der innerlichen Bodenreibung .................................................. 4.32


ÄÑÒÓÁÀ.1.1-25-94

 

Àáåòêîâèé ïîêàæ÷èê àíãë³éñüêèõ òåðì³í³â

 

air-dru state ground ............................................................................  4.53

always frozen ground .........................................................................   3.15

angle inside friction ............................................................................   4.32

apparatus cut off ................................................................................. 4.26

artificial ground ..................................................................................  3.2

boundary fluidity ................................................................................   4.4

boundary roll ...................................................................................... 4.5

cobble ................................................................................................. 3.8

coefficient compressibility .................................................................    4.15

coefficient cross boadening ................................................................   4.19

coefficient in linear deformation ........................................................     4.18

coefficient porosity ............................................................................   4.58

coefficient thaw out ............................................................................  4.16

coefficient thaw out and condensability .............................................     5.16

coefficient viscidity ............................................................................   4.20

conerent ground .................................................................................. 3.5

compacten arid ground .......................................................................   4.7

compacten fraction ground .................................................................   4.8

compacten ground ..............................................................................  4.6

compaction ground preliminary .........................................................     4.29

contensed standart ground relative .....................................................    4.49

conditional stabilisation shrinkage .....................................................      5.18

contensed standart ground absolute ...................................................     4.48

couple ground spesific .......................................................................    5.9

creepind .............................................................................................. 4.23

crushed stone ...................................................................................... 3.9

cup thaw aut ....................................................................................... 5.19

depth seasonal thaw aut ......................................................................  5.21

depth thow aut..................................................................................... 5.22

drainage test ....................................................................................... 4.12

driving resistance frozen ground ofelastikity frost surface

material foundation ............................................................................   4.22

dumpling ground ................................................................................   5.1


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

dust .....................................................................................................            3.12

equivalent cohesion ............................................................................   4.21

failure limit .........................................................................................  4.9

firmly frozen ground ..........................................................................   3.17

friabile ground ....................................................................................  3.6

frostu ground ......................................................................................  3.16

frozen ground .....................................................................................  3.14

gravel ..................................................................................................            3.10; 3.11

ground ................................................................................................ 3.1

ground halfroch ..................................................................................  3.13

ground strukture .................................................................................  3.3

ground texture ....................................................................................  3.4

gumus ................................................................................................. 3.27

humidity ground .................................................................................   4.1

humidity on limit strinkage ................................................................     4.34

humidity swelling ...............................................................................   4.33

in coherent ground .............................................................................   3.7

in stabilization state ...........................................................................    4.31

index strukture durability ground in cut off .......................................       5.10

marshy ground .................................................................................... 3.24

mass ground .......................................................................................  4.57

massif ground .....................................................................................  5.7

maximum-compact state ground ........................................................    4.55

maximum-friable state ground ...........................................................    4.54

measiring instrument ..........................................................................   5.5

method annular cut off .......................................................................   5.12

method consolidation cut off .............................................................     4.27

method in non consolidation cut off ..................................................      4.28

method progressive cut oft ................................................................    5.13

method rotatory cut off ......................................................................   5.11

method stationary thermal regime ......................................................    5.24

micro unit composition ground ..........................................................     4.56

modulus linear deformation ...............................................................     4.17

modulus of elasticity ..........................................................................   4.13


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

modulus volume deformation .............................................................    4.14

neat conductibility ground ..................................................................    5.23

normal pressure on ground .................................................................   5.8

non drainage test ................................................................................. 4.10; 4.11

optimum humiditu ..............................................................................   4.2

organic substance ...............................................................................  3.25

peal .....................................................................................................            3.23

permeability .......................................................................................  5.14

permeable to water .............................................................................  5.15

plastik frozen ground ..........................................................................   3.18

point test (explore) .............................................................................   5.3

pressure elementary ...........................................................................  4.46

pressure natural in ground ..................................................................   5.17

pressure on standart ground ................................................................  4.36

pressure swelling ................................................................................  4.35

probe ...................................................................................................            5.4

qradinq ground ...................................................................................  4.52

quiksand frozen ground .....................................................................    3.19

resistance cut off ................................................................................  4.25

sagging relative ..................................................................................  4.47

sapropel .............................................................................................. 3.22

silt .......................................................................................................            3.21

shrinkage ground ................................................................................  4.43

shrinkage ground absolute .................................................................    4.44

shrinkage ground relative ...................................................................   4.45

soil ......................................................................................................            3.20

spesifi resistance ground unter point (cone) probe .............................      5.6

stabilization shrinkage standart condition ..........................................       4.50

stabilization state ................................................................................  4.30

stade pressure an standart ground ......................................................    4.42

stage pressure ..................................................................................... 4.51

stage nonattenuation creepind ............................................................    4.24

static explore ......................................................................................  5.2

stratum seasonal thaw aut ..................................................................   5.20


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

swell ground .......................................................................................  4.37

swell ground absolute ........................................................................    4.38

swell ground relative .........................................................................    4.39

swell ground free ...............................................................................   4.41

swell ground unter boading ................................................................    4.40

vegetable rest ...................................................................................... 3.26

waterabsorwing propertu humidite .....................................................    4.3


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

Àáåòêîâèé ïîêàæ÷èê ôðàíöóçüêèõ òåðì³í³â

 

adhérente du terrain srecifigue ................................................................. 5.9

affaissement relatif ................................................................................... 4.47

angle de frottement intérieur..................................................................... 4.32

appareil de uniplain cisaillement .............................................................. 4.26

blocade, biocaille ...................................................................................... 3.9

coefficient de dégèlement et compressibilité ........................................... 5.16

coefficient de dégeler ............................................................................... 4.16

coefficient de compressibilité .................................................................. 4.15

coefficient de viscosité ............................................................................. 4.20

coefficient de in lineare déformation ........................................................ 4.18

coefficient de transversal dilatation .......................................................... 4.19

coefficient de porosité ............................................................................... 4.58

compacité aridé terrain ............................................................................. 4.7

compacité partier terrain ........................................................................... 4.8

compacité terrain ...................................................................................... 4.6

compactage du sol préliminaire ............................................................... 4.29

compressibilité de eprouvette de terrain absolu ....................................... 4.48

compressibilité de eprouvette de terrain relatif ........................................ 4.49

conditionnel stabilisation de affaissement ................................................ 5.18

conductibilité de terrain ............................................................................ 5.23

couche de saison dégèlement ................................................................... 5.20

coupe de dégèlement ................................................................................ 5.19

degré de pression ...................................................................................... 4.51

degré de pression sur le oprouvette de sol ................................................ 4.42

drainage épreuve ....................................................................................... 4.12

équivalent adhérence ................................................................................ 4.21

fermemet congelé terrain ......................................................................... 3.17

fluage ....................................................................................................... 4.23

friable terrain cohérent ............................................................................ 3.6

galet ......................................................................................................... 3.8

gonflement de sol .................................................................................... 4.37

gonflement de sol absolu ......................................................................... 4.38


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

gonflement libre .................................................................................   4.41

gonflement de sol relatif ....................................................................    4.39

gonflement de sol sous chargé ...........................................................    4.40

gravier ................................................................................................ 3.10; 3.11

granulométrigue composition de terrain ........................................... 4.52

humidité en limité retrait ...................................................................     4.34

humidité de gonflement .....................................................................    4.33

humidité terrain ..................................................................................  4.1

humus ................................................................................................. 3.27

hydroscopigue humidité ..................................................................... 4.3

indice de structure résistace de terrain a la lisaillement .....................       5.10

instrument de précision ......................................................................   5.5

in cohérent terrain ..............................................................................  3.7

limité de rupture ................................................................................   4.9

limité dérouler (plasticité) .................................................................     4.5

limité fluidité .....................................................................................    4.4

limon .................................................................................................. 3.21

masse de terrain .................................................................................  4.57

massif de terrain ................................................................................   5.1

massif du terrain ................................................................................   5.7

matières organigues ...........................................................................   3.25

maximum-compact etat terrain . .........................................................   4.55

maximum-meuble état de terrain ........................................................    4.54

meuble terrain ..................................................................................... 3.5

méthode de ne consolidé cisiallement ................................................     4.28

méthode de consolidé cisiallement .....................................................     4.27

méthode de circulaire lisaillement ......................................................     5.12

méthode de progressif lisaillemem .....................................................     5.13

méthode de stationaire thermique régime ...........................................     5.24

méthode de rotatoire lisaillement. ......................................................     5.11

microagregat composition de terrain ..................................................     4.56

module de cisaillement .......................................................................   4.13

module de déformation volumétrique ................................................      4.14

module de linéaire déformation ..........................................................    4.17


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

mouvant gelé terrain ..........................................................................   3.19

nestabiliser état ..................................................................................  4.31

non drainage épreuve ........................................................................    4.10; 4.11

normal pression sur le terrain ............................................................     5.8

optimum humidité .............................................................................    4.2

perméabilité de eau ...........................................................................    5.15

plastigue gele terrain .........................................................................    3.18

point de essai (sondage) ....................................................................    5.3

perspicacité ........................................................................................  5.14

pression de initiale affaissemente ......................................................     4.46

pression de gonflement ......................................................................   4.35

pression naturel dans terrain ..............................................................    5.17

pression sur le éprouvette de terrain ..................................................     4.36

profondeur de gélèment .....................................................................   5.22

profondeur de saison dégèlement ......................................................     5.21

poussière ............................................................................................ 3.12

restes végétation ................................................................................  3.26

résistance de cisaillement terrain ......................................................     4.25

résistance du sol gelé de cisaillement effet surface

matériaux-fondation ..........................................................................    4.22

retrait du terrain .................................................................................  4.43

retrait du terrain absolut ....................................................................    4.44

retrait du terrain relatif ......................................................................    4.45

sapropel .............................................................................................  3.22

sec a l'air état du terrain ....................................................................    4.53

sol effet froid . ...................................................................................  3.16

sol gelé ..............................................................................................  3.14

sol glacé ............................................................................................  3.15

sol loessique .....................................................................................    3.24

sol semirocheux ................................................................................    3.13

sol tourbeux ......................................................................................   3.24

sonde..................................................................................................  5.4

specifîgue résistance du terrain sous canule (cône) du sonde ........... 5.6

stabiliser état ......................................................................................  4.30


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

stabilisation de retrait de eprouvette convenu ....................................      4.50

stade de inodes fluage ........................................................................   4.24

statique sondare .................................................................................. 5.2

texture du terrain ................................................................................  3.4

terrain ................................................................................................. 3.1; 3.20

terrain artificielle ................................................................................  3.2

terrain (sol) structure ..........................................................................  3.3

tourbe ................................................................................................. 3.23


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

Àáåòêîâèé ïîêàæ÷èê ðîñ³éñüêèõ òåðì³í³â

 

âåùåñòâî îðãàíè÷åñêîå ...................................................................   3.25

âëàæíîñòü ãèãðîñêîïè÷åñêàÿ ..........................................................    4.3

âëàæíîñãü ãðóíòà .............................................................................   4.1

âëàæíîñòü íàáóõàíèÿ (Wh), äîëè åäèíèöû ...................................      4.33

âëàæíîñòü íà ïðåäåëå óñàäêè (Wy), äîëè åäèíèöû ..................... 4.34

âëàæíîñòü îïòèìàëüíàÿ ..................................................................    4.2

âîäîïðîíèöàåìîñòü .........................................................................   5.15

ãàëüêà ................................................................................................ 3.8

ãëóáèíà ñåçîííîãî îòòàèâàíèÿ .......................................................     5.21

ãëóáèíà îòòàèâàíèÿ .........................................................................   5.22

ãðàâèé ...............................................................................................  3.10

ãðàíèöà ðàñêàòûâàíèÿ (ïëàñòè÷íîñòè) ..........................................      4.5

ãðàíèöà òåêó÷åñòè ............................................................................  4.4

ãðàíóëîìåòðè÷åñêèé ñîñòàâ ãðóíòà ...............................................     4.52

ãðóíò .................................................................................................. 3.1

ãðóíò âå÷íîìåðçëûé ........................................................................   3.15

ãðóíò ìåðçëûé ..................................................................................  3.14

ãðóíò ìîðîçíûé ................................................................................  3.16

ãðóíò ïëàñòè÷íîìåðçëûé ................................................................    3.18

ãðóíò ïîëóñêàëüíûé ........................................................................    3.13

ãðóíò ñâÿçíûé ..................................................................................   3.6

ãðóíò ñûïó÷åìåðçëûé .....................................................................    3.19

ãðóíò òâåðäîìåðçëûé ......................................................................   3.17

ãðóíòû èñêóññòâåííûå ....................................................................    3.2

ãðóíòû çàòîðôîâàííûå ...................................................................    3.24

ãóìóñ.................................................................................................  3.27

äàâëåíèå íàáóõàíèÿ (Ðí), ÌÏà (êãñ/ñì2) .......................................     4.35

äàâëåíèå íà ãðóíò íîðìàëüíîå (P) .................................................     5.8

äàâëåíèå íà îáðàçåö ãðóíòà (Ð), ÌÏà (êãñ/ñì2) ............................      4.36

äàâëåíèå íà÷àëüíîå ïðîñàäî÷íîå ..................................................     4.46

äàâëåíèå ïðèðîäíîå â ãðóíòå .........................................................     5.17

äðåñâà ................................................................................................            3.11


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

çîíä ....................................................................................................            5.4

çîíäèðîâàíèå ñòàòè÷åñêîå ...............................................................   5.2

èçìåðèòåëüíîå óñòðîéñòâî ..............................................................   5.5

èë ........................................................................................................            3.21

èñïûòàíèå äðåíèðîâàííîå ...............................................................    4.12

èñïûòàíèå êîíñîëèäèðîâàííî-íåäðåíèðîâàííîå .........................  4.11

èñïûòàíèå íåäðåíèðîâàííîå ...........................................................    4.10

êîýôôèöèåíò âÿçêîñòè .....................................................................   4.20

êîýôôèöèåíò íåëèíåéíîé äåôîðìàöèè ......................................... 4.18

êîýôôèöèåíò îòòàèâàíèÿ ................................................................     4.16

êîýôôèöèåíò îòòàèâàíèÿ è ñæèìàåìîñòè . ...................................      5.16

êîýôôèöèåíò ïîïåðå÷íîãî ðàñøèðåíèÿ ........................................       4.19

êîýôôèöèåíò ïîðèñòîñòè ................................................................     4.58

êîýôôèöèåíò ñæèìàåìîñòè .............................................................    4.15

ìàññà ãðóíòà ......................................................................................            4.57

ìàññèâ ãðóíòà .................................................................................... 5.7

ìîäóëü ëèíåéíîé äåôîðìàöèè (E) ..................................................     4.17

ìîäóëü îáúåìíîé äåôîðìàöèè (Ê) .................................................    4.14

ìîäóëü ñäâèãà ................................................................................... 4.13

ìåòîä âðàùàòåëüíîãî ñðåçà .............................................................  5.11

ìåòîä êîëüöåâîãî ñðåçà ...................................................................   5.12

ìåòîä êîíñîëèäèðîâàííîãî ñðåçà ...................................................    4.27

ìåòîä íåêîíñîëèäèðîâàííîãî ñðåçà ...............................................     4.28

ìåòîä ïîñòóïàòåëüíîãî ñðåçà ..........................................................   5.13

ìåòîä ñòàöèîíàðíîãî òåïëîâîãî ðåæèìà .......................................     5.24

íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà ..............................................................................  4.37

íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà àáñîëþòíîå ........................................................    4.38

íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà îòíîñèòåëüíîå ....................................................    4.39

íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà ïîä íàãðóçêîé, äîëè åäèíèöû .......................... 4.40

íàáóõàíèå ãðóíòà ñâîáîäíîå, äîëè åäèíèöû .................................      4.41

íåñâÿçíûé ãðóíò ...............................................................................  3.7

íåñòàáèëèçèðîâàííîå ñîñòîÿíèå ....................................................     4.31

îñòàòêè ðàñòèòåëüíûå ......................................................................  3.26

ïî÷âà ..................................................................................................            3.20


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

ïëîòíîñòü ãðóíòà ..............................................................................  4.6

ïëîòíîñòü ñóõîãî ãðóíòà .................................................................    4.7

ïëîòíîñãü ÷àñòèö ãðóíòà .................................................................    4.8

ïîêàçàòåëü ñòðóêòóðíîé ïðî÷íîñòè ãðóíòà ïðè ñðåçå (Ïcòð.) ....    5.10

ïîëçó÷åñòü ........................................................................................  4.23

ïðèáîð îäíîïëîñêîñòíîãî ñðåçà ....................................................      4.76

ïðåäåë ïðî÷íîñòè (âðåìåííîå ñîïðîòèâëåíèå)

ïðè îäíîîñíîì ñæàòèè ....................................................................    4.9

ïðîíèöàåìîñòü ..................................................................................  5.14

ïðîñàäî÷íîñòü îòíîñèòåëüíàÿ ........................................................    4.47

ïûëü .................................................................................................. 3.12

ðûõëûå ãðóíòû ................................................................................   3.5

ñàïðîïåëü .........................................................................................  3.22

ñæàòèå îáðàçöà ãðóíòà àáñîëþòíîå ...............................................     4.48

ñæàòèå îáðàçöà ãðóíòà îòíîñèòåëüíîå ..........................................      4.49

ñëîé ñåçîííîãî îòòàèâàíèÿ .............................................................    5.20

ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ãðóíòà óäåëüíîå

ïîä íàêîíå÷íèêîì (êîíóñîì) çîíäà ..............................................      5.6

ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ìåðçëîãî ãðóíòà ñäâèãó ïî ïîâåðõíîñòè

ñìåðçàíèÿ ñ ìàòåðèàëîì ôóíäàìåíòà (Raf) ....................................     4.22

ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ñðåçó ãðóíòà ...........................................................     4.25

ñîñòîÿíèå ãðóíòà âîçäóøíî-ñóõîå .................................................     4.53

ñîñòîÿíèå ãðóíòà ïðåäåëüíî ïëîòíîå ............................................      4.55

ñîñòîÿíèå ãðóíòà ïðåäåëüíî ðûõëîå .............................................      4.54

ñîñòàâ ãðóíòà ìèêðîàãðåãàòíûé ....................................................     4.56

ñòàáèëèçàöèÿ îñàäêè îáðàçöà ãðóíòà óñëîâíàÿ ............................       4.50

ñòàáèëèçàöèÿ îñàäêè óñëîâíàÿ .......................................................    5.18

ñòàáèëèçèðîâàííîå ñîñòîÿíèå ........................................................     4.30

ñòàäèÿ íåçàòóõàþùåé ïîëçó÷åñòè ..................................................    4.24

ñòðóêòóðà ãðóíòà ..............................................................................  3.3

ñòóïåíü äàâëåíèÿ .............................................................................   4.51

ñòóïåíü äàâëåíèÿ íà îáðàçåö ãðóíòà .............................................      4.42

ñöåïëåíèå ãðóíòà óäåëüíîå (Ñ) .....................................................      5.9

ñöåïëåíèå ýêâèâàëåíòíîå ..............................................................      4.21

òåêñòóðà ãðóíòà ...............................................................................   3.4


ÄÑÒÓ Á À.1.1-25-94

 

òåïëîïðîâîäíîñòü ãðóíòà ...............................................................     5.23

òîðô ..................................................................................................  3.23

òî÷êà èñïûòàíèé (çîíäèðîâàíèÿ) ..................................................      5.3

óãîë âíóòðåííåãî òðåíèÿ ãðóíòà ...................................................       4.32

óïëîòíåíèå ãðóíòà ïðåäâàðèòåëüíîå ............................................       4.29

óñàäêà ãðóíòà ..................................................................................   4.43

óñàäêà ãðóíòà àáñîëþòíàÿ ïî: âûñîòå, äèàìåòðó, îáúåìó ..........        4.44

óñàäêà ãðóíòà îòíîñèòåëüíàÿ ïî:

âûñîòå (h), äèàìåòðó (d), îáúåìó (V) ............................................     4.43

öåëèê ãðóíòà ....................................................................................   5.1

÷àøà îòòàèâàíèÿ .............................................................................   5.19

ùåáåíü .............................................................................................  3.9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Êîðåêòîð - Í.ß.Êîçÿð

Êîìï'þòåðíà âåðñòêà -Ò.².Öàïðî

³äïîâ³äàëüíèé çà âèïóñê - Â.M.×åñíîê

Óêðàðõáóä³íôîðì

01133, Êè¿â -133, áóëüâ. Ëåñ³ Óêðà¿íêè, 26